Download Unit 1 Test (Corrections)

Unit 1 Test A (Ch. 1-7)
1. Which of the following was the major effect of the
Neolithic Revolution?
A) Establishment of sedentary village communities
B) The spread of a migratory way of life
C) A decline in total population
D) An increase in the use of bronze tools
E) Establishment of a sound monetary system.
2. Systems of recordkeeping such as cuneiform,
hieroglyphs, pictographs, and alphabets
A) Arose independently of each other
B) Provided civilizations with economic and cultural ways
to disseminate information
C) Were only used for a short amount of time
D) Are relied upon to organize social structure
3. One difference between classical civilizations and river
valley civilizations was that in classical civilizations
A) most people farmed the land.
B) political organizations were more elaborate.
C) trade was introduced.
D) writing was developed.
E) religious beliefs were widely held.
4. During the Han Dynasty, scholar officials
A) lost their government offices to aristocrats.
B) came increasingly from the merchant and peasant
classes.
C) utilized Legalism as a ruling doctrine.
D) insisted on harsh law codes to maintain control.
E) instituted a system of examination to prepare
professional civil servants.
5. Confucian social relationships
A) established a hierarchy and insisted upon reciprocal
duties between people.
B) taught its practitioners to seek inner harmony with the
natural way.
C) used rewards for correct behavior and punishments for
transgressions.
D) were based on universal love and forgiveness.
E) stressed the welfare and the interests of the state.
6. Daoists would agree with Confucianists on all of the
following EXCEPT
A) the importance of political activity.
B) scorn for greed.
C) basic harmony of nature.
D) importance of restraint in personal life.
E) the importance of tradition.
7.
“who had stood in the
place of gods like Anu
[King of the gods] and
Enlil [God of the sky],
stood now like servants
to fetch baked meats in
the house of dust, to
carry cooked meat and
cold water from the
waterskin.’
“And God spoke all
these words, saying, ‘I
am the Lord your God,
who brought you out
of the land of Egypt,
out of the house of
bondage. You shall
have no other gods
before me.”
After reading the excerpts from Mesopotamia (Gilgamesh)
in 2000 BCE and the Egyptian Hebrews (Book of Exodus)
in 900 BCE what can you infer about the two societies and
their belief systems?
A) Mesopotamian society put more emphasis on the belief
in many gods, whereas the Egyptian Hebrew’s focus was
on a single god.
B) Both societies developed belief systems focused on the
worship of one single god.
C) The Hebrews in Egypt put more emphasis on the belief
in many gods, whereas the Mesopotamian’s focus was on a
single god.
D) Both societies rejected the notion of any spiritual higher
power.
8. Chinese women in the Classical Age
A) were free to choose the men they would marry.
B) could become scholar-gentry provided they passed state
exams.
C) were legally subordinated to fathers and husbands at all
class levels
D) dominated the intellectual and artistic activities of
China.
E) varied greatly in status, influence, and rights
9. India’s political tradition
A) involved the renunciation of violence and warfare.
B) stressed the importance of regional and local units.
C) emphasized the emperor as Son of Heaven.
D) insisted on religious uniformity.
E) required frequent wars of expansion.
10. The Indian caste system served to an extent as a
political institution by
A) enforcing rules about social behavior.
B) unifying the subcontinent under a single government.
C) creating widespread interest in constitutional issues.
D) promoting a belief in individual rights.
E) causing unrest and rebellion.
11. Examples such as the Chavin people’s trading with
coastal tribes, or Mesopotamian merchants travelling to the
Indus River Valley to exchange goods
A) Proves that trade dissolved from local to non-existent
B) Displays trade going from local to regional
C) Act as a continued irritation sparking warfare between
states
D) Prove that early trade involved only the exchange of
agricultural products
E) Proves there was a global system of trade present from
the beginning.
12. A major difference between Buddhism and Hinduism
was that
A) Buddhism denied the need for caste, rites, and sacrifice
to achieve nirvana.
B) Hinduism was monotheistic, and Buddhism was
polytheistic.
C) Buddhism denied rebirth, reincarnation, and emphasized
the real world.
D) Buddhism encouraged its followers to renounce the
political world.
E) Hinduism taught respect for all living things and
prohibited killing.
14. Greek politics resembled Indian politics in
A) the wide interest in diverse political theory.
B) the role of slave labor in providing revenues.
C) the inclusion of women as political leaders.
D) the tendency of regional fragmentation.
E) the use of military rulers.
15. The major impact of Alexander the Great’s conquests
was the
A) elimination of foreign influence from Greek culture.
B) establishment of a unified government for the eastern
Mediterranean.
C) birth of mystery religions and the forced migration of
the Jews.
D) spread of Greek culture throughout the eastern
Mediterranean.
E) destruction of regional trade and commerce.
16. “The [Roman] child was taught . . . that the
undying fire in the hearth was the sign and substance
of the goddess Vesta, the sacred flame that
symbolized the life and continuity of the family;
which therefore must never be extinguished, but must
be tended with “religious” care, and fed with a
portion of each meal. Over the hearth, he saw the
little icons, crowned with flowers, that represented
the gods or spirits of the family . . . .”
Will Durant, from Caesar and Christ (The Story of
Civilization: 3), 1944.
The excerpt above illustrates which of the following
about Roman traditions?
A) Roman traditions included ancestor veneration.
B) Roman traditions changed with the advent of
Christianity.
C) Roman traditions were ineffective at maintaining
social order.
D) Roman traditions ritually observed even though
Romans had little regard for them.
17. The disorder caused by the Warring States period
13.
helped to inspire
A) the unification of Greek city-states under
Alexander the Great
The image above depicts a key development in history
from 10,000 BCE-3000 BCE
A) The development of the plow
B) The development of pastoral and agricultural societies
C) The development of sophisticated weaponry
D) The development of settled agricultural villages
B) the Vedic and Epic Ages
C) the consolidation of Mesoamerican belief systems
D) the development of Confucianism, Taoism, and
Legalism.
18. Imperial capitals during the Islamic Age served all
of the following functions EXCEPT
(A) simply garrison towns for troops.
(B) centers of knowledge and learning
(C) religious centers
23. All of these contributed to the decline and fall of Rome
except:
A) the spread of Christianity.
B) nomadic invasions.
C) the spread of Confucian ideas into Roman government.
D) plagues which decimated the government.
E) economic disruptions.
(D) major markets
24. Most world historians would agree that a
19. Nomadic invaders often had military advantages over
the armies of empires because
A) they had larger forces with more soldiers.
B) they developed better supply lines.
C) they believed they were fighting inferior cultures.
D) they were more skilled as horsemen.
E) they had smaller distances to cover.
20. The end of the Gupta Empire differed from the decline
of Rome in that it did not involve
A) a change in political institutions.
B) outside invasions such as the Huns and others.
C) the introduction of a new religion for the majority.
D) the weakening of central government.
E) big cultural changes.
21. As the Han Empire collapsed
A) Daoists established political control of the various
Chinese States.
B) nomads swept into China replacing the Han with a
“barbarian” dynasty.
C) de-centralization became more apparent as landowners
and warlords dominated successor governments
D) Christianity was introduced to China and began to
spread.
E) internal warfare subsided.
22. Christianity differed from classic Mediterranean culture
in all of these ways EXCEPT:
A) it offered salvation to the poor and slaves
B) it adapted classical Roman governmental institutions to
organize the church.
C) it emphasized eternal salvation instead of the pursuits of
the secular world
D) it granted equal importance to the souls of men and
women.
E) it provided a common culture to unify all classes.
significant reason for the widespread appeal of
Buddhism as it spread after c. 250 B.C.E. was?
A) the promise of wealth and riches in the afterlife
B) the rejection of all existing governments in favor
of more democratic systems
C) the ability to attain enlightenment regardless of
social standing
D) the replacement of bureaucrats with a priest-class
that looked more favorably upon the lower classes of
society
25. Which of the following statements is an accurate
statement about Islamic art and architecture
A) Islamic art focused on abstract geometric patterns and
ornate calligraphy in Arabic.
B) Elaborate miniatures of historical figures and historical
battles were created during the Umayyad Dynasties
C) The most important architectural contributions were
elaborate pyramids and sculptures.
D) Most Islamic art forms were derived from classic Greek
and Roman examples
E) Ikebana, or flower arranging, was developed as an
alternative to depicting human and animal forms in art.
26. One of the strengths of Islam which made it a
successful universalizing religion similar to Christianity
was its
A) use of a common language, Arabic, to unite all its
members
B) insistence that there was only one god
C) support for merchants and commercial values.
D) egalitarianism that transcended previous loyalties,
ethnicities, or allegiances.
E) condemnation of violence as incompatible with faith.
27. The issues that confronted Muslims following
Muhammad’s death, and the issue which eventually split
Shia and Sunni sects involved
A) the toleration or persecution of Christians and Jews.
B) who was Muhammad’s legitimate successor
C) the conversion of non-Arabs to Islam
D) the morality of the holy war (jihad)against enemies of
the faith
E) the accuracy of different translations and versions of the
Quran.
28. What was the initial response of the Umayyads to
Muhammadʹs new faith?
A) They regarded him as a threat to their wealth and power
as he questioned the traditional
gods of the Kaʹba.
B) They sought to protect him from a plot on his life by the
Banu Hashim.
C) The Umayyads immediately accepted Muhammad as
their religious and political leader
and the chief power in Mecca.
D) The Umayyads simply ignored Muhammad as an
insignificant member of a weak clan.
E) They sought him as an ally against the Sassinians and
the Byzantines.
29. The decline of women’s position within Islamic
civilization was due to
A) Islamic Dogma
B) diffusion of patriarchal ideas such as veiling and
secluding women from the public that were picked up from
India and the Byzantine Empire.
C) the necessities of war and holy war.
D) the high death rates of males; the increased number of
women in Islamic society “decreased the value” of women.
E) bedouin traditions
30. Why did the Arab warriors of the Umayyad dynasty not
want to convert large numbers of people to Islam?
A) Muhammad specifically stated that Islam could only be
spread among the Arabs.
B) They would have had to share their booty and would
have lost tax revenues.
C) They lacked the political organization to govern them
and feared insurrection by
non-Arabs.
D) Conversion would have slowed down the process of
conquest.
E) They wanted to keep high religious offices among
themselves.
31. Under the Umayyads, the political center of Islam
shifted to
A) Baghdad.
B) Merv.
C) Constantinople.
D) Damascus.
E) Cairo.
32. What was the nature of citizenship within the Umayyad
Empire?
A) All converts to Islam, regardless of their ethnic origins,
were full citizens and members of
the elite.
B) Only Muslim Arabs were first-class citizens of this great
empire.
C) The Umayyads recognized all residents of their empire,
whether Muslims or ʺpeoples of
the bookʺ as full citizens.
D) Arabs rapidly lost their dominance in the Umayyad
Empire to the native residents of
Persia.
E) Malawi were accorded full rights of citizenship.
33. What was the most significant of the transformations
brought about by the Abbasidsʹ rise to
power?
A) The final defeat of the Byzantine Empire with the
capture of Constantinople
B) The mawali were admitted as full members of the
Islamic community
C) The destruction of absolutism within Islamic
government
D) The destruction of Sunni influences within Islam
E) Victory in the Crusades and the conquest of Spain
34. The Abbasids moved the political center of their empire
to
A) Baghdad.
B) Constantinople.
C) Merv.
D) Damascus.
E) Jerusalem.
35. How did the administration of al-Rashid of the Abbasid
dynasty set a trend for subsequent Abbasid rulers?
A) He was at the outset of his reign heavily dependent on
Persian advisors, a practice that became commonplace
thereafter.
B) He divided the empire into a series of states each of
which elected representatives to a Caliphal parliament at
Baghdad.
C) He removed all regional governors and established strict
absolutism from the court at Baghdad.
D) He stressed the importance of piety and simplicity, a
position subsequently adopted by his successors.
E) He made the position of caliph all-powerful by building
a new capital complex in Cairo.
36. The decline of the Abbasid power was due to all of the
reasons EXCEPT:
A) the difficulty of governing a widespread and diverse
empire.
B) invasion by warrior Buddhist Monks from Southeast
Asia
C) regional loyalties
D) Shi’a dissenters and slave revolts
E) rebellious governors and new dynasties.
37. During the Abbasid dynasty, the use of slaves
A) began to gradually die put as economically profitless.
B) spread throughout the region and came to dominate
agriculture.
C) was legally curtailed by the Muslim courts.
D) was confined to the royal courts.
E) expanded as male and female slaves were valued for
their beauty, intelligence and strength.
38. During the Abbasid period, women
A) were at the center of the Shia opposition to Abbasid
rule.
B) frequently became Sufi mystics because of the freedom
it allowed.
C) acquired rights to own land and engage in business.
D) became increasingly isolated in the harem and behind
the veil.
E) exercised no influence in palace and harem politics.
39. What was the level of trade in the Abbasid Empire?
A) Long-distance trade with Africa, the Mediterranean,
India, and China continued to flourish despite periodic
interruption.
B) Trade with the East grew, but the Crusades eliminated
the western trade routes.
C) Trade with Africa and the Mediterranean continued to
expand, but the wars in India disrupted the eastern trade
routes.
D) As a whole, long-distance trade along the traditional
caravan routes virtually ceased during the Abbasid Empire.
E) The economy shifted to a focus on trading only with
other Muslims.
40. Which of the following statements concerning the Sufi
movement within Islam is most accurate?
A) The Sufi movement stressed an increasingly restrictive
conservatism within Islam.
B) The Sufi movement stressed withdrawal from life and
into monastic communities.
C) The Sufi movement incorporated mysticism with a trend
toward evangelism.
D) The Sufi questioned the Islamic interest in the Greek
traditions in science.
E) Sufism was a rationalistic movement based on the
teachings of Ibn Khaldun.
41. How did Islam and Hinduism differ?
A) Hinduism stressed the egalitarianism of all believers,
while Islam was more rigid in terms of orthodox belief.
B) Islam stressed the egalitarianism of all believers, while
Hinduism was more rigid in terms of orthodox belief.
C) Islam stressed the egalitarianism of all believers, while
Hinduism embraced a caste-based social system.
D) Hinduism stressed the egalitarianism of all believers,
while Islam embraced a caste-based social system.
E) Hinduism was monotheistic, while Islam was
polytheistic but both had a supreme God.
42. What groups were most responsible for the conversion
of Indians to Islam?
A) Traders and Sufi mystics
B) Ulama and Sunni evangelists
C) Soldiers and Shiʹa exiles
D) The Mongols and Seljuk Turks
E) Delhi Sultans
43. “ I charge the Caliph after me to fear God, and I
commend the community of Muslims to him, to respect the
great among them, not to strike them and humiliate them,
not to oppress them and drive them to unbelief, not to close
his door to them and allow the strong to devour the weak.”
Muhammad, Hadith (c.610-632)
This statement best supports which of the following pillars
of the Islamic faith?
A) Hajj
B) Giving to the poor
C) Praying five times a day
D) Declaration of faith
E) Fasting during Ramadan
44. What groups in India were most likely to convert to
Islam?
A) Brahmins and merchants
B) Raja and warriors
C) Members of the administrative machinery of the Islamic
kingdoms
D) Buddhists and low caste Hindus
E) Sikhs and sultans
45. The classic Persian approach to governing a large
empire was
A) to use imperial spies to monitor administration of the
empire.
B) to use regional military officers and tax collectors to
check the power of local governors.
C) to replace tribute payments with formal tax levies.
D) to recruit local officials in administrative positions.
E) all of the above.
46. “The Master said, ‘He who exercises government by
means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star
which keeps its place, while all the stars turn toward it’ . . .
‘If the people be led by laws, and uniformity be imposed on
them by punishments, they will try to avoid punishment,
but will have no sense of shame’ . . . ‘If they be led by
virtue, and uniformity be provided for them by the rules of
propriety, they will have the sense of shame, and moreover
will become good’ . . . ‘When a prince’s personal conduct
is correct, his government is effective without the issuing of
orders. If his personal conduct is not correct, he may issue
orders, but they will not be followed.’”
The quotation above represents which philosopher’s
ideology on the proper way of ruling a state?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Lao Tzu
Kautalya
Plato
Confucius
Xunzi
47. What was the most critical cultural advance as a result
of the increased contact between
Muslims and Indian civilization?
A) Muslims adopted the Hindu pantheon of gods.
B) Muslim commerce was increasingly dominated by the
merchant caste of India.
C) Muslims adopted the Indian system of mathematical
notation.
D) Muslims adopted the highly stratified social system
common in Indian civilization.
E) India adopted Islamic science and Sufi literary
techniques.
48. How did the Muslim conquerors of Sind treat the
Hindu and Buddhist residents of the region?
A) All non-Muslims were put to death but their children
were allowed to convert.
B) Hindus and Buddhists were treated as dhimmis or
ʺpeoples of the book.ʺ
C) Most of the higher-caste Hindus were treated well,
which led to mass conversions.
D) Forced conversions of the native population followed
the Muslim military successes.
E) Hinduism was prohibited and Buddhism tolerated, but
many Hindus were encouraged
to move back to Islamic heartlands such as Iran.
49. The Quran
A) is the holy book of Islam.
B) were the priests who watched over the Ka’ba.
C) was Muhammad’s journey to Yathrib.
D) is the law code of Islam.
E) were Islamic scholarly bureaucrats.
50.
The map above depicts
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The routes taken by Alexander the Great during his conquests.
The routes taken by Zhang Qian’s and Gang Ying’s missions to the West.
Indo-European migrations.
Major overland and maritime trade routes during the Classical era.
The spread of Hinduism and Buddhism.