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DVD Learning Guide Crusades, Disc I (year) ® A Homeschool Learning Network Learning Guide Format: Age Levels: Genre: Category: Rating: Length: Producer: Warnings: DVD Middle School, High School Documentary History, World NR 100 minutes The History Channel and the British Broadcasting Company Some mild violence. Religious satire. CLICK HERE TO RENT THIS DVD FROM CLICK HERE TO PURCHASE THIS DVD FROM file Summary Sa m ple The Crusades is a four part series narrated by, and starring, Terry Jones (of Monty Python fame) that chronicles the history of this bloody and ill-fated undertaking by the Christian Church to recapture the Holy Land of Jerusalem. On Disc 1, Pilgrims in Arms and Jerusalem are the first two chapters. The foundation for what the purpose of the Crusades was and how it affected all of Europe and eventually the Middle East is covered. Constantinople launched the first of thousands of political decisions made by the Church to expand Christianity. Pope Urban II, calling for the faithful to liberate Jerusalem, set into motion a cascading series of events that would forever change the face of the world. In this journey from Europe to the Holy Land, Terry Jones takes viewers on a historical and often satirical journey into the Crusades. Vocabulary (Grades 6-12) Try the following activities with the vocabulary words to the right. Depending on the age and ability of your students, they may be able to complete assignments from multiple grade levels. 6-8: Write a description or review about this DVD using the vocabulary words. Above each vocabulary word, write N if it is a noun, V if it is a verb; ADJ if it is an adjective; ADV if it is an adverb. 6-12: Copy the vocabulary words onto a sheet of paper. What do you think each word means? Write down what you think the words mean from your own knowledge. Now, look up each word in a dictionary, and compare definitions. How close were you? Write each word in a sentence, or write a paragraph or DVD summary using the words. 9-12: Write down words you hear in the video you don’t understand. Break the words into parts and see if you can determine the meanings. Look up the meanings. © 2011, Homeschool Learning Network, Inc. All Rights Reserved. http://www.hlnfamily.com | Vocabulary Battle Nomadic Penance Salvation Saracen Crusader Homage Knight Barrier Drought War Machine Cannibalism Ambush Siege http://www.hlnfamily-estore.com DVD Learning Guide Discussion Questions Ask students to read through their questions carefully before watching the film, and take notes during the film. After watching it, ask students to write their answers to the following questions on a separate piece of paper. Intermediate 1. Name three important cities and what role they played in the beginnings of the Crusades. 2. Name three people who laid the foundations for the Crusades. What were their roles? 3. How did Gregory use the letter from Alexius to create the idea for the Crusades? 4. How did the Christian Church reconcile the idea that killing was okay for the Crusaders? 5. What promise did the Christian Church make to anyone who followed the call to Crusade? 6. What was the relevance of the “interview” with the goose? 8. Why did the People’s Crusade ultimately fail? file 7. On the way to the Holy Land, what hardships did the pilgrims face? 1. Explain how the Crusades began. m Advanced ple 9. What turned the tides in Antioch? What happened immediately after the Crusaders took the city? Sa 2. What were some of the obstacles that faced the organization of the Crusades? 3. How did the Church use psychology to encourage the people to go on Crusade? 4. The bloody battles of the First Crusade often involved the killing of Christians. Why do think this was allowed to happen? 5. The people who lived on the routes that the Crusaders took benefited from the massive surge in population. How? 6. In 1066, the Norman armies took England and killed much of the army of Harold of Wessex. He was then required to do penance. Why did the Crusaders not have to do penance for killing in the Holy Land? 7. How were Muslim warriors different from the Christian soldiers? 8. Explain how Baldwin was able to take control of Edessa. 9. Did the First Crusade succeed? Why or why not? © 2011, Homeschool Learning Network, Inc. All Rights Reserved. http://www.hlnfamily.com | http://www.hlnfamily-estore.com DVD Learning Guide Lessons & Activities The Children’s Crusade Subjects: Grades: Style: Arts, History, Literature 6-12 Visual/Experiential/Kinesthetic Concepts: Students will learn about historical events by viewing art works depicting the Crusades. file Lesson: One of the most disturbing and perhaps most tragic events during the Crusades was the Children’s Crusade. It was lead by a 12-year-old boy named Stephen. While little is known about who Stephen was, there is a lot of information about what happened during the Children’s Crusade. In this lesson plan, students will discover how the Children’s Crusade happened and why it was significant. Have your student read this account of the Children’s Crusade: http://web.archive.org/web/20060131235125/http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us/~vms/carlton/children scrusade.html or • http://www.historyguide.org/ancient/children.html m ple • Sa Ask students to make an illustrated story about a child who goes on the Children’s Crusade. Be sure that they include the name of the place their character is from and how they made the decision to go. Use this project to make a stained glass window or mosaic that depicts one of the scenes from their story. Stained Glass Window http://web.archive.org/web/20040114055522/http://westy.jtwn.k12.pa.us/users/mcb/WEB_PAGES/l essons/stained_glass.html In this lesson, students will study the relationship between the creation of leaded glass windows and the sociological and artistic developments of the Middle Ages; they will use skills in mathematics and geometry to create a design for a stained glass window; and they will create a paper and cellophane replica of a leaded glass window. Mosaic Tile Art http://www.mosaictilearts.com/gallery/index.html Use this gallery as inspiration. To create a mosaic tile, you would need tile, adhesive, and grout, all found at a local hardware store. © 2011, Homeschool Learning Network, Inc. All Rights Reserved. http://www.hlnfamily.com | http://www.hlnfamily-estore.com DVD Learning Guide Learn More! Books and Online Resources BOOKS Dore's Illustrations of the Crusades (Dover Pictorial Archive Series) Dore, Gustave Dover Pubns; ISBN: 0486295974 A Concise History of the Crusades Madden, Thomas F. Rowman & Littlefield; ISBN: 0847694291 The Crusades Through Arab Eyes Maalouf, Amin and Rothschild, Jon. Schocken Books; ISBN: 0805208984 The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades Riley-Smith, Jonathan, Oxford University Press; ISBN: 0192854283 ONLINE RESOURCES ple file The Crusades http://crusades.boisestate.edu/ This website is a well-guided tour through the first crusades. It is a valuable resource and a good place to begin any study of the Crusades. Sa m ORB:The Crusades - A Guide to Online Resources http://web.archive.org/web/20030604154515/http://orb.rhodes.edu/encyclop/religion/crusades/crus ade.html The links on this page were collected to be included in the Online Reference Book for Medieval Study. Excellent further reading material about the Crusades can be found here. Of considerable interest is the Crusades Crusading Vows and Privileges section that chronicles some of the possible motivations for crusading. Internet Medieval Sourcebook: Selected Sources – The Crusades http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1k.html This page offers many links to articles written about the Crusades. The chronology is well done and the speech by Pope Urban II should be one of the first documents read by anyone studying the Crusades. A History of the Knights Templar http://www.templarhistory.com/ Who were the Knights Templar and what role did they play in the Crusades? This website seeks to answer these questions. The history of this order is fascinating and is a key point of study in the history of the Crusades. The Medieval Crusades http://www.templarhistory.com/ © 2011, Homeschool Learning Network, Inc. All Rights Reserved. http://www.hlnfamily.com | http://www.hlnfamily-estore.com DVD Learning Guide This website offers a large base of knowledge to select from. The information is easy to read and well suited for the Middle School audience. The Crusades http://web.archive.org/web/20030206214445/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/contents.html A wealth of information is stored on the pages of this website. Each Crusade is written about through a series of articles and historical evaluations. The Crusader and Ayyubid Period (1099-1250 CE) http://web.archive.org/web/20070107161012/http://jeru.huji.ac.il/ef1.htm From the Jerusalem Mosaic. Here you will find information about what the Crusaders ate, what they wore, and who they were. This site is written simply, yet offers a large amount of good background information about the Crusaders. Sa m ple file Crusades: An Encarta Encyclopedia Entry http://web.archive.org/web/20050306192536/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/refarticle.asp x?refid=761561210 An excellent source of information about the crusades and the key people involved in it. Return to www.mentura.com © 2011, Homeschool Learning Network, Inc. All Rights Reserved. http://www.hlnfamily.com | http://www.hlnfamily-estore.com DVD Learning Guide DISCUSSION QUESTIONS ANSWER KEY: Intermediate 1. 2. Constantinople, Edessa, Jerusalem, Antioch, Acre. Pope Urban II (called for the first Crusade), Peter the Hermit (lead the first People’s Crusade), King Alexius (The king from Constantinople who initially called for help to reclaim Jerusalem) 3. Gregory used the letter from Alexius as a “call to arms”. He intercepted the letter sent to the Pope and used it to create his own army. 4. The Church decreed that killing Saracens was okay because the race was cursed and against God. That gave the soldiers the right in God’s eyes to kill them. It was only a sin to kill Christians. 5. The Church promised to forgive all sins for participation in the Crusades. It was called a penitent war. The Church had a very strong power over the people. 6. It was to illustrate how ridiculous the people were in their beliefs about who to follow. They would follow anyone. 7. The pilgrims faced thirst, hunger, and disease, and because they were poorly armed and starving, they were very vulnerable to attacks. 8. The people’s crusade was too poorly organized. They had no provisions and did not have the kind of military power that was needed to defeat an army. This Crusade was a crusade of ideals not an actual military expedition. 9. In Antioch the tide was turned when about 60 knights snuck into the city and opened the gates. Immediately after the city was taken by the Crusaders, they were besieged by the Turkish army. Advanced 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. file ple m 2. The Crusades began when an original call for help by the Emperor of Constantinople, Alexius, was taken by Gregory. He used the letter as a reason to form a Christian army. The call went out from the Church hoping to attract knights. However, in the beginning, a huge number of ordinary people set out to free the Holy Land from the Turks. Much of the motivation behind the Crusades was political and served the needs of a few very powerful men. The organization of the Crusades was a difficult one. No one leader had been placed in charge. The men where supposed to carry with them all the coins they would ever need. There was not enough food and at times not enough water. The Crusaders were not prepared for the hostile environments. The Church “advertised” to the people that they would be forgiven of sins. The Church promised direction from great knights. Medieval propaganda was used to sway the minds of the people. By the time that the Crusading armies had reached the Holy Land, they were out of control. No one leader could keep control over the armies and a kind of mob mentality took over. The cities on the route of the Crusades were able to trade with the Crusaders. They were able to charge huge sums of money for their goods because the local cities were the only places to buy supplies and provisions. In 1066 the Church had not established war as an institution and frowned on violence (although they knew it was necessary). During the Crusades, the Church asked people to do penance by killing the infidel in the Holy Land. This was a reversal of ideals set forth by the Church. Muslims were better educated, had centers of learning, and lived better than the Crusaders. The Crusaders were superstitious and were mainly illiterate. Baldwin was able to take Edessa by marrying the king’s daughter. He then encouraged a revolt and became the king himself after the death of the old king. He became a powerful leader. The Crusades succeeded in some ways and failed in others. Success came from the establishment of trade routes. The shift in wealth would not have occurred and Europe may have taken longer to develop new ideas—ideas that were brought back from the Holy Land and the cities along the way. Christianity did establish a large order of Templar Knights and they were able to offer protection to many. However, the Crusades failed to take back the Holy Land and ended the life of hundreds of thousands people who believed they were following the will of God. It is difficult to imagine what may have happened if the Crusades had never happened. For instance, the jihad may not have been such a central ideal in Islam if the Crusaders had not forced the Muslims to fight back. Leaders such as Saladin and King Richard the Lionheart would most likely not have arisen as the legends that they are today without the Crusades as their backdrop. Sa 1. DISCLAIMER: Homeschool Learning Network, Inc. has provided this Learning Guide to enhance your learning experience. Reviews, questions and resources within this Learning Guide are not endorsed by DVD producers. Links to outside Web pages do not constitute an endorsement of the sites by Homeschool Learning Network, nor does Homeschool Learning Network maintain the sites. Links are included at the discretion of the editors and are intended as a service to readers. We urge you to exercise care and parental guidance when visiting Web sites. © 2011, Homeschool Learning Network, Inc. All Rights Reserved. http://www.hlnfamily.com | http://www.hlnfamily-estore.com