Download Chapter 13: New Global Patterns - sls

Matt Mukake
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In 1853, the United States displayed its new
military.
Sent a naval force to make Japan open its
ports to trade.
Japan wanted to keep their 215 year
seclusion, but its leaders thought it’d be best
to learn from the west.
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After the Tokugawa shoguns gained power in
1600, they reimposed centralized feudalism,
closed Japan to foreigners, and forbade Japan
to travel overseas.
The nations only window on the world was
through Nagasaki, where the Dutch were
allowed very little trade.
By the 1800s, the shoguns were corrupt.
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Daimyo suffered financially.
Money was needed in a commercial
economy, but a daimyo’s wealth was in land
rather than cash.
Daimyo also had the heavy expense of
maintaining households in both Edo and their
own domains.
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While the shogun faced troubles at home,
bad news reached him that Britain won the
Opium War over China.
In July 1853, a fleet of American ships
commanded by Commodore Matthew Perry
sailed into Tokyo Bay.
Perry held a letter from the president of the
United States demanding that Japan open its
ports to diplomatic and commercial trade.
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Japan couldn’t defend themselves against the
U.S. Navy.
In the Treaty of Kanagawa in 1854, the
shogun agreed to open two Japanese ports to
America but not for trade.
The U.S. soon won trading and other rights
including the right of extraterritoriality and a
“most favored nation” clause.
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Lasted from 1868 to 1912 and was a major
turning point in Japanese history.
Meiji: enlightened rule.
The Meiji reformers were determined to
strengthen Japan.
New leaders set out to study western ways
and eventually beat them at their own game.
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Government:
 Adapted to German style government.
 In 1889, the emperor issued the Meiji
Constitution.
 It set forth the principle that all citizens were
equal before the law.
 Japan eventually developed a western-style
bureaucracy with separate departments to
supervise finance, the army, the navy, and
education.
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Economic Reforms
 Meiji leaders encouraged Japan’s business class to
adopt western methods.
 The government set up banking system, built
railroads, improved ports, and organized a
telegraph and postal system
 Zaibatsu: Powerful banking and industrial
families.
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Amazing Success:
 During Meiji period, Japan modernized quickly.
 Japan became a homogeneous society.
▪ It had a common culture and language that gave it a
strong sense of identity.
 The Japanese were determined to resist foreign
rule.
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Japan Gains Power:
 In 1894, competition between Japan and China led
to the Sino-Japanese War.
 China had better resources, but Japan had benefit
from modernization.
 Japan used the element of surprise and won the
war easily.
 Japan later challenges Russia in the RussoJapanese War.
 Japans army defeated the Russian troops.
 Their navy nearly destroyed an entire Russian
fleet.
 For the first time in modern history, an Asian
power humbled a European nation.
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From the 1500s to 1700s, European
merchants gained footholds on the region.
In the 1800s, the Dutch, British, and French
colonized much of Southeast Asia.
Also in the 1800s, rulers of Burma(Myanmar)
clashed with the British.
The Burmese suffered lost battles but still
resisted British rule.
The British eventually annexed Burma in
1886.
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Kingdom of Siam:
 Stuck between British-ruled Burma and French
Indochina.
 Present day Thailand.
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King Mongkut was the king at the time.
Ruled from 1851-1886
He didn’t underestimate western power.
He modernized his army, abolished slavery,
and gave women some choice in marriage.
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In the 1800s, the industrial powers began to
take an interest in the islands of the Pacific.
American, French, and British whaling and
sealing ships looked for bases to take on
supplies.
In 1878, the U.S. secured an unequal treaty
from Samoa.
 Gaining rights such as extraterritoriality and a
naval station.
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From the mid 1800s, American sugar growers
pressed for power in Hawai’i.
 This was when Queen Liliuokalani tried to reduce
foreign influence.
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Canada’s first European ruler was the French.
Then France lost Canada to Britain in 1763.
French settlers still remained.
After the American Revolution, an estimated
30,000 colonist stayed loyal to Britain and
fled to Canada.
The Two Canada's
 To ease ethnic tensions, Britain passed the
Canada act in 1791.
 This created two provinces
▪ 1. English speaking upper Canada.
▪ 2. French speaking lower Canada.
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The Dutch were the first in Australia in the
1600s.
In 1770, Captain James Cook claimed Australia
for Britain.
He also claimed New Zealand for Britain