Download Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence
“Let’s push the limits of possibilities”
A presentation by Rajan Kumar
Submitted to:
Prof Subhra Mathur
By: Rajan Kumar
CSE-3rd B, Roll no-12
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Overview
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Introduction
Possibilities
What is needed to make AI
Programing for AI
Achievements till now
A presentation by Rajan Kumar
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Introduction
 Definition:
‘Ability to learn and apply them to solve problems is
called intelligence.’
Now, the branch of Engineering which is dedicated to
make computers behave like humans is called
Artificial Intelligence.
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Introduction
 Specifications:
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games playing: programming computers to play games
such as chess and checkers.
expert systems : programming computers to make
decisions in real-life situations (for example, some expert
systems help doctors diagnose diseases based on
symptoms).
natural language : programming computers to
understand natural human languages
neural networks : Systems that simulate intelligence by
attempting to reproduce the types of physical connections
that occur in animal brains.
robotics : programming computers to see and hear and
react to other sensory.
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Is it possible ?
Human Brain
CPU of Computer
 Neuron
 10 12 neurons in a human brain
 many more synapses (10 14)
connecting these neurons
 cycle time: 10 -3 seconds (1
millisecond)
 108 or more transistors per CPU
 supercomputer: hundreds of
CPUs, 1012 bits of RAM
 cycle times: order of 10 - 9
seconds
So, the answer is ‘Yes’
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What is needed to make?
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Robots
Vision Systems
Natural Language processing
Neural Networks
Learning systems
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Robots
 We need specially designed robots, who are
capable to run the commands.
 Their hardware, sensing systems, processor, and
vision system should be designed in such a way that
they can fulfil the need.
 The power source should be designed to work in
the moments of disaster.
 Its materials should be selected to repair its
damages by itself.
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Vision Systems
 Vision system should be developed to recognise
patterns, convert the gestures, postures into a
specific signal which can be further processed by
program to understand the reaction.
 Metals or other manufacturing materials should be
capable to sense the touch, heat, cold, harm and
pressure or force.
 It should hear, sense the matter.
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Natural language
processing
 Natural language processing refers to making
computers to understand the natural languages.
 Till now software are available which can type
whatever we speak. But the matter is not
understood by computer.
 Making computers to differentiate between the
meaning of words having similar pronunciations
according to sentence.
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Neural Networks
 Artificial neural networks are composed of
interconnecting artificial neurons.
 Artificial neurons:
programming constructs that mimic the properties of
biological neurons.
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Learning Systems
 There should selected domain of
acknowledgements, from where computers can
fetch data and can communicate with each other.
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Programing for A.I
 Logics and Algorithms:
AI works on different logics, they are not like traditional
programing.
 Languages:
Artificial intelligence researchers have developed
several specialized programming languages for
artificial intelligence which include IPL, Lisp, Prolog,
STRIPS, Planner, POP-11 etc.
LISP and PROLOG are famous.
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Logics for AI
 Fuzzy logic
 A specialty research area in computer science
that allows shades of gray and does not require
everything to be simply yes/no, or true/false
 Backward chaining
 A method of reasoning that starts with
conclusions and works backward to the
supporting facts
 Forward chaining
 A method of reasoning that starts with the facts
and works forward to the conclusions
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LISP
 Lisp is a family of computer programming
languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully
parenthesized Polish prefix notation.
 The name LISP derives from "List Processing". Linked
lists are one of Lisp languages' major data
structures, and Lisp source code is itself made up of
lists. As a result, Lisp programs can manipulate
source code as a data structure, giving rise to the
macro systems that allow programmers to create
new syntax or even new domain-specific
languages embedded in Lisp.
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PROLOG
 In Prolog, program logic is expressed in terms of relations,
and a computation is initiated by running a query over
these relations.
 In syntax and semantics following are considered:
 Data types
 Rules and facts
 Evaluation
 Loops
 Negation
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Achievements till now
In May, 1997, an IBM super-computer called Deep Blue defeated
world chess champion Gary Kasparov in a chess match.
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Achievements till now
Honda designed a robot that can:
• Recognize movement, postures, gestures,
the environment around it, sounds, and
facial recognition
• Use the net for updates like news or
weather
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Achievements till now
Cortana is a fictional artificial
intelligence with female
programming in the Halo series of
video games. Throughout the
video games, Cortana assists
Master Chief on his missions; she
is instrumental in preventing the
Halo installations from being
fired.
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Achievements till now
Forzamotorasport is a racing simulator game in which it allows
the gamer to drive. But the opponents are AI in which allows
them to play as hard as you.
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Achievements till now
In 1997, a Robocup was
organised.
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Conclusion
We have talked about:
 What is AI?
 Possibilities of AI
 How to create AI
 Programing languages for AI
 Logics for AI
 Achievements till now.
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“Artificial intelligence is
nothing but Modelling of
ourselves”
Rajan Kumar
(CSE, 2nd year JNCT)
[Developer of Jnct.in and
thelitratureoflove.com]
For more visit:
rkkingnotes.worpress.com
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Thank you!
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