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Chapter 1.1 Distance and Direction
Point of Reference
An object that stays in _________
compared to an object that is ________.
Examples:
Motion
An objects change in ____________ relative to
________________ ___________.
Time = x-axis
Distance = y-axis
.
This line is not horizontal (at rest)
∙
A curved line means the object is accelerating
A
B
C
Chapter 1.2 Speed and Velocity
Speed Vs. Velocity
Speed (S) = Rate at which __________ changes over
________.
Speed (S) =
Velocity (V) = speed with ______________
V = ___________ with a _____________ (right, left,
north, south, negative, positive)
Units
Distance Units
Time Units
m = ___________
s = _________
km = ____________
min = _________
cm = ___________
H or hr = _______
mi or (M) = ______
When writing units you can write:
ft = ________
1. meters per second
2. m/s
3. mps
This is preferred
Practice
1. At what time interval is
this object moving at
constant speed? (not zero)
2. At what time interval is
this person moving back to
the point of reference?
3. At what time interval is
this object at rest?
4. What happened from
time 11-17 seconds?
5. What is the average
speed from 0-6 seconds?
A bus moves a distance of 150 m East in 10 seconds.
1. What is the bus’s average speed?
2. What is the bus’s average velocity?
3. What are the passengers on the bus’s average velocity (assume no passengers are
moving)?
4. If a passenger stands up and starts moving 1 m/s East, what is the passengers total
velocity?
5. If another passenger stands up and starts moving 1 m/s West what is the passengers
total velocity?
Chapter 1.3 Acceleration
Acceleration
The rate at which __________ changes over _______
Avg Acceleration =
What is the bicyclist’s acceleration? (Include direction)
Velocity Versus Time Graph
1. What is happening from 0 seconds to 8 seconds?
2. What is happening from 8 to 10 seconds?
3. What happens at exactly 8 seconds?
4. What happens to this person’s position from 0 –10 seconds?
Circular Motion
• Objects moving in _________ always change
________, ___________, and _________________
Black arrow indicates
direction of motion
and velocity. Blue
arrow indicates
acceleration.
Formulas for the quiz
Speed and Velocity
S = D/t
(Remember this is the same formula for velocity, but with a direction)
Standard unit is m/s
Variation of this formula are:
S = D/t
D=S∙t
t = D/S
Acceleration
a = V/t
(Remember to include a direction when available)
Standard unit is m/s2
Variations of this formula are:
a = V/t
V=a∙t
t = V/a
Chapter 2.1 What is Force?
FORCES: _______ or _______ on an object
that causes a change in ________________
(speed or direction), measured in ______ (N)
balanced forces = _______________
(all forces add up to be zero)
unbalanced forces = _______________
(all forces add up to NOT be zero)
FORCES ARE OFTEN INDICATED USING ARROWS TO
SHOW THE SIZE AND THE DIRECTION OF THE FORCE
(vector quantity)
=
=
=
Free Body Diagram
Box Sitting on the table, at rest
In this situation the
force of gravity is
balanced out by the
normal force so the
net force is 0.
Therefore the box is
not moving up or
down.
15 N
15 N
Free Body Diagram
In this situation the
normal force and
force of gravity are
balanced so the box
does not move up or
down.
Box being pushed to the
right with 20 Newton
Force.
15 N
The pushing force is
20 N to the right
and from the arrow
the force of friction
appears less so the
box will move to the
right.
10 N
15 N
Net Force =
Free Body Diagram
Box on ramp
Does the box move down the ramp?
The box slides down the
ramp if the force of
gravity in the x direction
is greater than the force
of friction.
The box does not move
if the force of gravity in
the x direction is less
than the force of friction.
Chapter 2.2 Friction
Friction: force that _________ motion.
Kinetic Friction: Occurs when the object is
__________. (_________________________)
Static Friction: Occurs when the object is
___________ or ___________.
(____________________________________)
There are 4 types of friction that occur when a
force opposes the motion of a moving object.
•_____________
•_________
•_________
_______________
•_________
Sliding Friction
• SLIDING FRICTION – occurs
when two solid objects slide
over each other
• examples: Book sliding off
table
Chapter 2.3 Gravity
Gravity: The force of ___________
between two ___________
Mass: The amount of _______ that makes up an
object. Does not _______. Measured in ______.
Weight: The force of _______ on an object. Can
______ if gravity changes. Measured in _______
LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION
(from Newton)
Fg =
•Universal Law of Gravitation – all objects in the
universe __________ each other by the
________________
•The size of the _______ depends on the ______
of the objects and the _________ between them.
•FALLING OBJECTS
•The acceleration of a falling object is
due to the _______________ between
the _______ and the ______.
•Near the surface of the earth the
acceleration due to gravity is equal to
__________________.
Regardless of mass,
acceleration due to gravity
is always the same on
Earth.
________________
Every second an object
falls it’s velocity increases
by _____________
NO AIR RESISTANCE
What is Free Fall?
1.An object falling toward Earth
with no ___________________.
2.An object with only the
________________ acting on it.
3.An object falling toward Earth at
_____________
4.An object that will increase its’
velocity ___________every
single second it falls.
AIR RESISTANCE
•Air resistance opposes the _____________
motion of ____________ objects (fluid friction).
•As an object falls, the air resistance gradually
becomes __________ to the pull of __________.
•When this occurs the forces are balanced.
•There can be no more ______________ and the
object falls at a constant _____________.
•This is called the _________ ___________.
As an object falls with air resistance the force of air
increases as the object increases speed.
WHEN BALANCED = TERMINAL VELOCITY
Chapter 2.4 Elastic Force
Elasticity: Ability of an object to ________,
but return to its ____________ ________.
• The object __________ a change in shape as it is ________
or _________ because it exerts a counter force in the
_____________ direction called an __________ force.
• When the ____________ or _____________ force is
______________ the elastic force causes the material to
return back to normal.
• Examples include: _________________________________
Chapter 3.1
Newton’s
st
1 Law
Newton’s
st
1
Law
An object at _________ stays at
________, an object in _________
stays in _________, unless an
_______________ force acts on
the object.
Inertia is the ____________ of an object to
_______ a change in _________. This directly
relates to mass, greater ______ = greater ________.
Chapter 3.2
Newton’s
nd
2 Law
Newton's second law
(the law of _______________)
The ______________ of an object
depends on the __________ of the
object and the amount of
________ applied.
Net Force =
OR
F= ma
m=F/a
a=F/m
Practice
Tori applies a force of 20 Newtons to move
a bookcase with a mass of 40 kg. What is
the acceleration of the bookcase?
Practice
Ollie has a mass of 45 kg. What is his weight
in Newtons. (Hint: Acceleration due to
2
gravity = 9.8 m/s )
Chapter 3.3
Newton’s
rd
3 Law
Newton’s
rd
3
Law
"For every _______, there is an
______ and ________ reaction.“
Whenever one object exerts a _______
on a second object, the second object
exerts an ________ and ________
force on the first object.
Forces always come in _____
(equal and opposite action)
What are the
forces involved
with a bird
flying?
The wings of a bird push air
______________.
The air _______ by
pushing the bird ________.
____________________ force pairs
make it possible for birds to fly.
Momentum (p)
The __________ of a moving object
that makes it ______ to ______.
Momentum(p) can be calculated using:
Momentum
The units for momentum are kilograms multiplied
by meters per second or kg*m/sec
The Law of
–
states that any time objects collide, the
total amount of momentum stays the same ~
related to Newton’s 3rd law
Practice
What is the momentum of a 40 kg child
who is running straight ahead with a
velocity of 2 m/s South.
Practice
Which football player has greater momentum?
Player A: Mass = 60 kg; Velocity = 2.5 m/s East
Player B: Mass = 65 kg; Velocity = 2.0 m/s West
Chapter 4.1 Work
Chapter 4.2 Machines
Chapter 4.3 Simple Machines
Chapter 4.4 Compound
Machines