Download Evolution Study Guide answers

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Evolution Study Guide
1. What is the difference between Darwin and Lamarck’s ideas of evolution?
Darwin proposed that evolution takes place by means of natural selection as the
fittest one survives. However, Lamarck proposed that evolution takes place through
inheritance of acquired characteristics.
2. What is the difference between acquired traits and inherited traits?
Inherited traits are those passed down by your parents and are found in your genes
e.g. big nose, big ears, little feet.
Acquired Traits are traits that are not passed down but instead "acquired" since birth.
An example of this is: scars, pierced ears, the length of your hair, the loss of a limb.
3. Darwin observed organisms on which island?
Galápagos Islands
4. What is the difference between relative and absolute fossil dating?
The difference between relative dating and absolute dating is that relative dating is a method
of sequencing events in the order in which they happened. Absolute dating is a method of
finding the age of a rock sample in years via radiometric techniques.
5. What is descent with modification? Who developed this idea?
Simply put, descent with modification means that traits are passed down from generation
to generation and sometimes undergo changes or modifications over time. Charles
Darwin came up with Descent with Modification.
6. Darwin believed the Finches beak structures adapted based on what?
Darwin believed that the finches on the Galapagos Island evolved from a ‘common
ancestor' into many different species to adapt to their new environments. .
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7. Summarize the 4 mechanisms of natural selection.
Overproduction-many organisms are produced
Genetic Variation-some organisms have different genetic traits than others
Struggle to Survive or Survival of the Fittest-The organisms with the traits better suited for their
environment live while others die off
Successful Reproduction-The living organisms produce giving their offspring better traits to
survive.
8. Explain how the peppered moth was an example of natural selection.
The peppered moth case is an example of natural selection. In this case,
changes in the environment caused changes in the characteristics that
were most beneficial for survival. The individuals that were well adapted to
the new conditions survived and were more likely to reproduce. This
particular type of natural selection, when amounts of genes varieties shift
in a particular direction in response to a new factor in the environment, is
called directional selection.
9. What are 6 pieces of evidence that evolution occurs.
Fossil record
Anatomy
Embryology
Biogeography
Biological molecules
10. Explain the difference between the two images below:
Analogous
homologous
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11. How is cytochrome c used as evidence of evolution?
Cytochrome c is a protein found in mitochondria. It is used in the study of evolutionary
relationships because most animals have this protein.
12. Define:
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Look up yourself
Evolution
Natural selection
Species
fossil
Notebook pages to Review:
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Natural Selection case studies
Natural selection notes
Evidence of Evolution
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Superposition
Adaptation
Fitness
Phylogeny