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Chapter 4 Nonverbal Communication Chapter Objectives • Understand the power of nonverbal communication • Outline the functions of nonverbal communication • Describe the communication symbols that are nonverbal codes • Understand how technology and situation affect nonverbal behavior Nonverbal Communication The process of intentionally or unintentionally signaling meaning through behavior other than words The Nature of Nonverbal Communication • Nonverbal communication is… – Communicative – Often spontaneous and unintentional – Ambiguous – More believable than verbal communication (channel discrepancy) Functions of Nonverbal Communication • Reinforcing verbal messages – Repeating – Complementing – Accenting Functions of Nonverbal Communication • Substituting verbal messages Functions of Nonverbal Communication • Contradicting verbal messages • Regulating interactions Functions of Nonverbal Communication • Creating Immediacy • Deceiving Others Nonverbal Codes Symbols we use to send messages without, or in addition to, words Nonverbal Codes • Gestures and body movements (Kinesics) – Emblems – Illustrators – Regulators – Adaptors – Affect Displays Nonverbal Codes • Facial expressions Nonverbal Codes • Eye behavior (Oculesics) Nonverbal Codes • Voice – Paralanguage – Vocal quality – Vocalizations Nonverbal Codes • Physical appearance – Attractiveness has advantages – Artifacts matter Nonverbal Codes • Space & Environment – Proxemics: The way we use and communicate with space Nonverbal Codes • Space & Environment – Territoriality: the claiming of an area through occupation Nonverbal Codes • Space & Environment – Environment (e.g. the lighting, layout, design, decoration, cleanliness and so on of a space) Nonverbal Codes • Touch (Haptics) – Functional-Professional Touch – Social-Polite Touch – Friendship-Warmth Touch – Love-Intimacy Touch – Sexual-Arousal Touch Nonverbal Codes • Time (Chronemics) Time orientation: personal associations with the use of time. Influences on Nonverbal Communication • Culture – Contact vs. noncontact cultures – Sex and gender influences Influences on Nonverbal Communication • Mediated Nonverbal Communication – Loss of paralinguistic cues – Emoticons Influences on Nonverbal Communication • The situational context – Public-private dimension – Informal-formal dimension