Download Ch. 5 - PAWS

Chapter 4
Nonverbal
Communication
Chapter Objectives
• Understand the power of nonverbal
communication
• Outline the functions of nonverbal
communication
• Describe the communication symbols
that are nonverbal codes
• Understand how technology and
situation affect nonverbal behavior
Nonverbal Communication
The process of
intentionally or
unintentionally
signaling meaning
through behavior
other than words
The Nature of
Nonverbal Communication
• Nonverbal communication is…
– Communicative
– Often spontaneous and
unintentional
– Ambiguous
– More believable than
verbal communication (channel
discrepancy)
Functions of
Nonverbal Communication
• Reinforcing verbal messages
– Repeating
– Complementing
– Accenting
Functions of
Nonverbal Communication
• Substituting verbal
messages
Functions of
Nonverbal Communication
• Contradicting verbal messages
• Regulating interactions
Functions of
Nonverbal Communication
• Creating
Immediacy
• Deceiving
Others
Nonverbal Codes
Symbols we use to
send messages
without, or in
addition to, words
Nonverbal Codes
• Gestures and body movements
(Kinesics)
– Emblems
– Illustrators
– Regulators
– Adaptors
– Affect Displays
Nonverbal Codes
• Facial expressions
Nonverbal Codes
• Eye behavior (Oculesics)
Nonverbal Codes
• Voice
– Paralanguage
– Vocal quality
– Vocalizations
Nonverbal Codes
• Physical appearance
– Attractiveness has advantages
– Artifacts matter
Nonverbal Codes
• Space & Environment
– Proxemics:
The way we
use and
communicate
with space
Nonverbal Codes
• Space & Environment
– Territoriality:
the claiming
of an area
through
occupation
Nonverbal Codes
• Space & Environment
– Environment
(e.g. the lighting,
layout, design,
decoration,
cleanliness and so
on of a space)
Nonverbal Codes
• Touch (Haptics)
– Functional-Professional Touch
– Social-Polite Touch
– Friendship-Warmth
Touch
– Love-Intimacy
Touch
– Sexual-Arousal Touch
Nonverbal Codes
• Time (Chronemics)
Time orientation: personal
associations with the use of time.
Influences on
Nonverbal Communication
• Culture
– Contact vs. noncontact cultures
– Sex and gender influences
Influences on
Nonverbal Communication
• Mediated Nonverbal
Communication
– Loss of paralinguistic cues
– Emoticons
Influences on
Nonverbal Communication
• The situational context
– Public-private dimension
– Informal-formal
dimension