Download Greek Archaic Period - Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Buen Consejo

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COLEGIO DE NUESTRA SEÑORA DEL BUEN CONSEJO
SOCIAL STUDIES
ANCIENT GREECE CIVILIZATION
FOURTH GRADE
Name: ___________________
Checked by: Jorge Esclasans
Approved by:
Grade: _______________ Date: __________
ANCIENT GREECE CIVILIZATION
MAIN GOALS:
 Locate a Greece on a map world.
 Recognize the contributions of Greeks in nowadays society in areas
as sports, arts, architecture and theater.
 Reflect about the importance of the Athenian democracy.
1. Ancient Greece timeline
The history of Ancient Greece can be divided up into different periods. The
three main periods are the Archaic Period, the Classical Period, and the
Hellenistic Period. Here there are some facts about these three periods:

Greek Archaic Period (800 BC - 480
BC
Greek Classical Period (480 BC 323 BC)
- 776 BC - The first Olympic Games takes place in
-432 BC - The temple to Athena, the Parthenon, is
completed in Athens on the Acropolis. Today this is the
most famous surviving building of Ancient Greece.
Olimpia. The games would take place every 4 years in
honor of the Greek god Zeus
- 750 BC - Homer begins to write the Iliad and Odyssey.
These epic poems become two of the most famous
literary works in Greek literature
-431 BC - The wars between Sparta and Athens begin.
They are called the Peloponnesian Wars.
- 600 BC - The first Greek coins are introduced.
- 399 BC - The famous Greek philosopher Socrates was
killed.
- 508 BC - Democracy is introduced in Athens by
Cleisthenes. He establishes a constitution and is often
called the "Father of Athenian Democracy". This is one
of the great accomplishments of the Greek culture.
-386 BC - Greek philosopher and student of Socrates,
Plato, founded the first institution of higher learning in
the western world. It's called the Academy.
Greek Hellenistic Period (323 BC - 146 BC)
-323
BC - The Hellenistic period begins when Alexander the Great dies. The Ancient Greek
civilization begins its decline and the Ancient Romans start to gain power.
-
146
BC
-
Rome
conquers
Greece
making
it
part
of
the
Roman
2. Location of the ancient Greece.
The ancient civilization of Greece was located
in southeastern Europe along the coast of the
Mediterranean Sea. The geography of the
region helped to shape the government and
culture of the Ancient Greeks. Geographical
formations including mountains, seas, and
islands formed natural barriers between the Greek city-states and
Empire.
forced
the
Greeks
to
settle
along
the
coast.
3. Ancient Greece
The earliest Greek was a civilization thrived nearly 4,000 years ago. The term
“Ancient Greece” refers to the period of history that lasted from 750 BC (the
archaic period) to 146 BC (the Roman conquest). Ancient Greece is the culture
that provided the foundation for Western Civilization.
4. Greeks Society- How was structured?
The social class system of Ancient Greece was very similar to structures in other
cultures. There was a well-defined upper, middle, lower class, slave and women.
1.- Upper class: Citizens were free men who were born in Athens
and had an Athenian-born mother and an Athenian-born father. Only
men could be citizens. Citizens were expected to serve in
government positions, to vote and to perform military service.
Citizens
send
their sons
school and
owninproperty.
2.Middlecould
Class:
Metics
were to
foreigners
living
Athens. They were expected to perform military
service, and they could send their sons to school. But they could not own property without
permission, and they could not vote or hold government positions. These people were usually
merchants or traders.
3.- Lowers
class and slaves: The lower class was mostly free men who were once
.
slaves or very poor families. Slaves were men, women and children owned by others,
and could be bought and sold. They were often people captured in wars. Their jobs and
value depended on their education, skills, age and strength. Slaves could not vote, own
land, or make decisions about their owners, their work or location.
4.- Women: Women had no place outside of the home, whatever
group your husband or father was, women were not considered
5.-citizens
Government
and could not vote or own their own property.
5. - Ancient Greece: Government.
The Ancient Greeks were famous for their ideas and philosophies on
government and politics. It was in Greece, and particularly Athens, that
democracy was first conceived and used as a primary form of
government.
 Greek City-states: Ancient Greece was made up of city-states. A city-state
was a major city, each city-state was an independent unit; city-states made
their own laws, had their own coinage, and had their own way of doing
things. But, they all spoke Greek, they all believed in the same gods, and
they all shared a common history. Athens and Sparta were the two largest
city-states and they had many wars and battles.
There were three main forms of government used in Ancient Greece by various
city-states:
 Ruled by a king: Some city-states were ruled by a king. This type of
government is called a MONARCHY. The city-state of Corinth is an
example; Corinth was ruled by a king.
 Ruled by a small group: Some city-states were ruled by a small group of
people. This type of government is called an OLIGARCHY. The city-state of
Sparta was ruled by a small group of retired and highly respected warriors.
 Ruled by many: Athens experimented with direct DEMOCRACY or rule by
many. For about 100 years, every citizen in Athens could directly vote in the
assembly. This form of government continued until Athens was conquered
by Sparta.
 Athenian Democracy
Democracy in Ancient Greece was very direct, all
the citizens voted on all the laws. Rather than vote for representatives, like we do,
each citizen was expected to vote for every law. They had officials to run the
government, however, most of these officials were chosen by a lottery. So every
citizen had a chance, regardless of their popularity or wealth, to become an official.
The word "democracy" is derived from the
ancient Greek words “demos”, meaning
"people" and “kratos”, meaning "power";
meaning power of the people.
Bodies of Government
There were three main bodies of the government: the Assembly, the Council of
500, and the Court.
The Assembly included all
The Court handled lawsuits
citizens who showed up to
The Council oversaw much
vote. Everyone who was a
of the day-to-day running of
citizen could participate as
the government. The Council
part of the assembly. The
was determined by lottery. If
assembly would decide on
your name was chosen, then
new
you would be on the council
laws
decisions
and
important
for one year.
and trials. The court had
large juries to help make
decisions.
For
private
lawsuits the jury was at least
201
people,
for
public
lawsuits the jury was at least
501
people.
 Who could vote? In order to vote, you had to be a citizen. However, not
everyone who lived in Athens was a citizen. Only men who had completed
their military training were counted as citizens.
6.- Ancient Greece: A typical Greek city and Greek daily life.
 Agora: The center of activity in any Greek city was
the agora. The agora was a large open area that
served as the marketplace and meeting place. The
citizens of the city would meet there to discuss
about politics, hear speeches and buy things.
 Acropolis: Large cities often had a hill or a high
point called acropolis, this area was use to defense
the city.
 Temples: There were temples to the gods situated around the agora and in
the Acropolis. Most cities had a single god called a patron god that the city
was dedicated to. For example: Athena the patron goddess of Athens.
The daily life of an ancient Greek was very similar to our lives today. Of course,
ancient Greeks did not have smart phones, computers, televisions, or electricity.
But they did live in highly organized cities, where they could go see a play or a
sporting event, or attend a number of different schools, or could join the army and
become a soldier.
 Greek men: In Ancient Greece, only free men were citizens.
Women, children and slaves were not citizens. Men were
responsible to get the crops grown and harvested, but
everyone in the family helped.
A husband's word was a law. A Woman could not leave her
home without her husband's permission. She could not even
visit a neighbor unless her husband allowed her to do so.
 Greek Women: In all Greek city-states, except for Sparta, women had not
freedom. They could not leave their house without their
husband's permission. They could not even visit a temple
without their husband's permission. Women were expected
to stay at home and manage the household. They were
basically prisoners in their own homes.
In Sparta, women´s life was so different, women were
respected, they were educated, they could play sports, walk around the city
alone. They could run a business. They were trained warriors and had
attended military school outside the home.
 Greek houses: Men and women lived in different parts of the house. Greek
houses were built around an outdoor
courtyard. The courtyard was the center
of house activities. It usually had water
well. Around the courtyard were the
rooms of the house as the work room,
the storage and bedrooms. Most of the
time there was a room called andron
this room was used by the man of the
house and his male friends to talk about
business or play some games, women
had also their specially room called gynaikon.
 Education: In all the Greek city-states, except to Sparta, children were
trained in music, art, literature, science, math and politics.
Boys were taught at home until six years old. After high
school, they attended military school to be good warriors.
Girls were not allow to go to school, they were taught at
home.
Education in Sparta was different, the purpose of education in Sparta was
to produce and maintain a powerful army. Sparta boys started
military school when they were about six years old; everything
in the Spartan educational system was about war and
battle.
Spartan girls also learned to be warriors. Their school was
not as brutal, but all girls in ancient Sparta were taught to
kill. The Spartans believed that strong women produced strong babies.
Ancient Greece Entertainment
One of the favorite forms of entertainment for the Ancient Greeks was the
theater. It began as part of a festival to the Greek god Dionysus, but
eventually became a major part of the Greek culture.
 Theater: Some of the theaters were quite large. Theaters were open-air
built in a semi-circle around the main stage, actors performed in the open
area at the center of the theater, which was called the orchestra.
The word "theater” comes
from
the
Greek
word
“theatron”, which means “a
place for viewing”
Types of plays
Tragedy
Comedy
Greek tragedies were very
Comedies were more light-
serious plays with a moral
hearted than tragedy. They
lesson. The usually told the
told story of daily life and
story of a mythical hero.
often made fun of Greek
celebrities and politicians.
Many
plays
were
accompanied
by
music.
Common
instruments were the lyre (a stringed instrument) and the
aulos (like a flute).
7. - Religion
The ancient Greeks worshiped their gods every day. The ancient Greeks built
many temples. They believed each temple should honor only one god. Women
could be priests. People went to the temples when they prayed but Greeks also
prayed at home in their courtyards.
The Greeks held festivals to honor their gods. First a festival, then a parade to
the temple, a sacrifice (an animal of the same sex as the god being worshiped) and
then a feast. They held sporting events, like the ancient Greek Olympics, to honor
their gods.
The ancient Greek mystical world was ruled by a group of powerful gods called the
Olympians; the 12 gods lived on top of the Mount Olympus. Those gods were:
Hera
Zeus
APOLLO
Artemis
poseidon
Ares
Demeter
Aphrodite
s
Hermes
dionysus
Athena
Hephaestus
WORKSHEET Nº 1
Name: ___________________
Grade: _______________ Date: __________
1. - Read the sentences below and fill in the missing words from the word
bank.
Athens
1. The
rights
first
Olympic
religious
Games
Olympia Sparta
were
held
in
a
Greek
city
called_____________________.
2. The Olympic Games were part of a _________________ festival to honour
Zeus.
3. _____________ And ____________ were the two most important states in
Ancient Greece.
4. Women in Sparta, unlike the rest of Greece had_________________.
2. - Where is Greece?
a) Africa
b) Europe
c) America
d) Asia
3. - Which of these was a famous Ancient Greece city?
a) Paris
b) London
c) Athens
d) Rome
4. - Most of Ancient Greece was divided into these types of political regions:
a) Countries
b) Provinces
c) Tribes
d) City-states
e) Principalities
5. - What was the name of the wars between Sparta and Athens?
a) Spartathenian wars b) Persian wars c) Peloponnesian wars d) Marathon wars
6. - Who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey during the archaic period?
a) Homer b) Aristotle c) Sophocles d) Euripides e) Plato
7. - Which sea is located in the eastern coast of Greece?
a) Red sea
b) Arabian sea
c) Aegean sea
d) Black sea
8. - In this type of government people make decisions.
a) Democracy
b) Oligarchy c) Aristocracy d) Tyranny
9. - In the Ancient Greece, who were considered as “citizens”?
10. - How was structured the ancient Greek society?
11. - True or False.
 The main bodies of the Athenian democracy were: Assembly, council and
court. ______
 Women, children and slaves were considered as citizens. _______
 Greeks city-states the same laws and government._________
 The first Olympics games were held in Athens.__________

Hellas is the name Greeks use for Greece._________
12. - Define the following words
 Democracy:
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 Monarchy:
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Word Search
Assembly, Corinth, Sparta, Greece, Classical, Athens, Hellenistic,
Democracy, Olympics, Wars, Peloponnesian
WORKSHEET Nº 2
Name: ___________________
Grade: _______________ Date: __________
1. - Read the sentences below and fill in the missing words from the word
bank.
andron
1. It
was
tragedy Sparta Agora comedy
the
market
and
meeting
place
in
any
city-states
_____________________.
2. The educational system in _____________ was about wars and battles.
3. _____________ And ____________ were two types of plays.
4. The ______________ was a room reserved for the males of the house.
2. - Choose the correct answer.
1. - What was at the center of an ancient Greek house?
a) The kitchen
b) the andron
c) the dining room
d) the courtyard.
2. - Which subject did greek boys study?
a) reading and writing b) debate and math c) musical instruments d) all the above
3. - What was the name of the building located on a hill in some city-states?
a) Theater
b) acropolis c) sanctuary d) agora e) stadium
4.- What type of Greek play was serious with moral lesson?
a) tragedy
b) comedy
5.- Greek theater began as a part of a festival to honor this god:
a) Zeus
b) Athena
c) Apollo d) Dionysus
6.- What was the name of the open area where actors performed their plays?
a) skene
b) chorus c) orchestra d) thespis
7.- Who was the leader of the Greeks gods?
a) Hera
b) Hades
c) Zeus
d) Apollo
e) Athena
8. - How many gods ruled the mythical word of ancient Greece and where did
the live?
9- Write the differences between Athenian and Spartan educational system.
10. - True or False
 The lyre and the aulos were the instruments used in theaters ______
 The Spartans believed that strong women produced weak babies. ________
 The 12 gods lived on top of the Acropolis. _________
 Women could be priests. _________
 Women had an specially room called gynaikon. ________
RESSOURCES
www.historyforkids.net/ancient-greece.html
www.primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/Greece.html
www.ducksters.com/history/ancient_greece.php
www.ngkids.co.uk/history/10-facts-about-the-ancient-greeks
https://www.activityvillage.co.uk/ancient-greece