Download Protein Synthesis Review

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS REVIEW
GENETICS & INHERITANCE UNIT
DNA TO PROTEINS PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
1) DNA REPLICATION
• DNA UNZIPS (HELICASE)
• EACH STRAND ACTS AS A
TEMPLATE 2 NEW STRANDS ARE
FORMED AS DNA POLYMERASE
MATCHES UP FREE NUCLEOTIDES TO
UNZIPPED PORTIONS
• IMPORTANCE= EXACT COPIES OF
GENOME IN NEW CELLS
• GENOME= AN ORGANISM'S
ENTIRE GENETIC CODE
DNA TO PROTEINS PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
2) RNA’S
BASIC STRUCTURE:
• MADE OUT OF A DIFFERENT TYPE OF
SUGAR THAN DNA
• DNA= DEOXYRIBOSE
• RNA= RIBOSE
• URACIL INSTEAD OF THYMINE IN RNA
• T (THYMINE) IS REPLACED BY U
(URACIL) SO A (ADENINE) PAIRS
WITH U AND C (CYTOSINE) PAIRS
WITH G (GUANINE)
• RNA IS A SINGLE STRAND
DNA TO PROTEINS PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
3 TYPES OF RNA=
• MESSENGER RNA (MRNA)= SINGLE
STAND THAT COPIES GENETIC INFO FROM
THE DNA IN THE NUCLEUS TO &
TRANSFERS IT TO THE RIBOSOME.
• MADE DURING TRANSCRIPTION
• TRANSFER RNA (TRNA)= CARRIES THE
AMINO ACID TO THE MRNA STRAND IN
TRANSLATION (PROTEIN SYNTHESIS).
• RIBOSOMAL RNA (RRNA)= MAKES UP
RIBOSOMES
DNA TO PROTEINS PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS
3) TRANSCRIPTION= PROCESS WHERE DNA
IS COPIED ONTO A COMPLIMENTARY
STRAND OF MRNA
• INFORMATION FOR A SPECIFIC PROTEIN IS
TRANSFERRED FROM DNA RNA
•
MRNA
MOVES OUT OF THE NUCLEUS AND
ATTACHES TO THE RIBOSOME
• NOW MRNA ACTS AS A TEMPLATE
CARRYING THE CODE FOR THAT SPECIFIC
PROTEIN TO THE RIBOSOME
DNA TO PROTEINS PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
4)TRANSLATION= PROTEIN SYNTHESIS FROM A STRAND OF MRNA
IN THE RIBOSOME
A)
MRNA
CARRIES THE CODE FOR MAKING CERTAIN PROTEINS
FROM THE DNA
• CODON= A GROUP OF 3 NUCLEOTIDES (LETTERS) THAT CODE
FOR A SPECIFIC AMINO ACID FOUND ON MRNA
• UAC
GGG
ACU
• CODON CODON CODON
• ANTICODON= GROUP OF 3 COMPLIMENTARY NUCLEOTIDES
THAT MATCH UP THE CODON, FOUND ON THE TRNA (AMINO
ACIDS ARE PHYSICALLY ATTACHED TO THE TRNA)
• AUG
CCC
UGA
• ANTICODON
ANTICODON
ANTICODON
DNA TO PROTEINS PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
• EACH ANTICODON SPECIFIES A
SPECIFIC AMINO ACID BE ADDED
TO THE PROTEIN CHAIN SEE THE
CODON CODE HANDOUT FOR THE
ACTUAL AMINO ACIDS
DNA TO PROTEINS PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
TRANSLATION CONT.
B) TRNA PICKS UP APPROPRIATE AMINO ACIDS
(ACCORDING TO THE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE
(LETTERS) ON THE CODON) AND BRINGS THEM TO
THE RIBOSOME.
C) TRNA MATCHES UP WITH THE MRNA
D) THE AMINO ACID ON THE TRNA THEN BONDS TO
THE AMINO ACID NEXT TO IT WITH A PEPTIDE
BOND FORMS A POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN
E) THIS PROCESS CONTINUES UNTIL A ‘STOP’
CODON IS REACHED, INDICATION THE COMPLETION
OF THE PROTEIN MOLECULE.
F) MRNA IS RELEASED FROM THE RIBOSOME-
RECYCLED
DNA TO PROTEINS PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
OR THE “CENTRAL DOGMA”
Nucleus
1) DNA Replication
2) Transcription
Nucleus
New
Protein
3) Translation
Ribosome
DNA TO PROTEINS PROTEIN SYNTHESIS OR
THE “CENTRAL DOGMA”
WATCH AN ANIMATION ON WHY
FIREFLIES GLOW THAT EXPLAINS
TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION
HTTP://LEARN.GENETICS.UTAH.ED
U/CONTENT/BEGIN/DNA/FIREFLY
/
PRACTICE TRANSCRIBING &
TRANSLATING A GENE
HTTP://LEARN.GENETICS.UTAH.ED
U/CONTENT/BEGIN/DNA/TRANS
CRIBE/