Download Unit 4 Review

Unit 4 Citizenship Individuals can
demonstrate national identity by
fulfilling duties and responsibilities.
Duties and Responsibilities (C&G 4.3, C&G 4.5)
Duties
What one must DO, required by law
1. obey the law
2. jury duty/ jury service
3. Selective Service / register for the
draft
4. pay taxes
Responsibilities
expected, but no legal penalty
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•
•
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1. vote
2. volunteer
3. be informed
4. be respectful, tolerant
5. accept the results of elections, bills passed, court
decisions
• 6. protest legally (boycott, write letters, organize an
interest group and hire a lobbyist, … )
7. civil disobedience
Naturalization is the process by which U.S. citizenship is
granted to a foreign citizen or national after he or she fulfills
the requirements established by Congress in the Immigration
and Nationality Act
Natural Born Citizen is
someone “born a citizen”
Bill of Rights / Amendments (C&G 2.3,
C&G 2.6, C&G 2.7, C&G 3.8)
Amendments 1-10
• Bill of Rights
• 1. RAPPS
• 2 Right to keep and bear arms in order to maintain a well regulated
militia.
• 3 No quartering of soldiers.
• 4 Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures.
• 5 Right to due process of law, freedom from self-incrimination,
double jeopardy.
• 6 Rights of accused persons, e.g., right to a speedy and public trial.
• 7 Right of trial by jury in civil cases.
• 8 Freedom from excessive bail, cruel and unusual punishments.
• 9 Other rights of the people.
• 10 Powers reserved to the states.
Amendments 13-15
• 13th Abolished slavery.
• 14th Made "all persons born or
naturalized in the
United States" citizens
of the country.
• 15th A constitutional amendment that gave
African American men the right to vote.
18+21 Amendments
18th Prohibited the
manufacture, sale, and
distribution of alcoholic
beverages.
21st Repealed prohibition.
Shows how our constitution is a living document and can
change with time. Even if it repeals a previous amendment.
Other Voting/Suffrage Amendments
19th Granted women the right to vote in 1920
23rd Amendment that gives
the right of voting to citizens
in Washington D.C. and that
they get votes in the electoral
college
24th Prohibits poll tax in
federal elections
26th Lowered the voting age to 18 (from 21)
Other Amendment
22nd Two term limit for President
Supremacy Clause
Marbury v. Madison, 1803 – judicial review, the judicial
branch may review a law passed by Congress and declare it
unconstitutional.
1st Amendment court cases
*Tinker v Des Moines, 1969 –
students may use clothing as a
form of protest (Amend 1)
*Texas v. Johnson, 1989 – an
individual may burn the US flag as
a protest (Amend 1)
*Hazelwood v Kuhlmeier, 1988
– a principal may censor the
student newspaper
*Engel v Vitale, 1962 – a teacher
may not lead students in a prayer
*Bethel School District v Frasier,
1986 – student speech may not
disrupt
•
4th Amendment Court Cases
*NJ v TLO, 1985 – a student
may be searched for
“reasonable suspicion”.
*Mapp v. Ohio, 1961 –
officers must have a warrant
to search.
•
5th Amendment Court Cases
*Miranda v Arizona, 1966 –
Miranda rights must be read
to a suspect.
*In Re Gault, 1967 – juveniles accused
of crimes in a delinquency proceeding
must be afforded many of the same
due process rights as adults
6th Amendment Court Case
*Gideon v. Wainwright, 1963 –
right to an attorney (Amend 6)
8th Amendment Court Case
*Furman v. Georgia, 1972 –
stopped the use of the death penalty
*Gregg v. Georgia, 1976 –
a death penalty can be used as
long as it meets certain criteria
9th Amendment Court Case
• Roe v Wade – 1971 - The U.S. Supreme Court
decision which struck down many state laws
restricting abortion.
14 Amendment Court Cases
Brown v. Board of Education, 1954 – separate is not
equal, public facilities will desegregate
Korematsu v. US, 1944 –
citizens may lose their rights
during war time
Regents of the Univ of Cali. v
Bakke, 1978 – 1st successful
challenge of affirmative action,
race can not be the only factor
Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 – separate
is equal, public facilities will be
segregated
Article 1 of the Constitution
Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824 – the
US government can control
interstate trade and commerce,
steamboats
Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v.
US, 1964 – private businesses
must integrate, cannot
discriminate on the basis of race
Article 6 of the Constitution
McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 – a state
cannot tax the federal government,
the Bank of the US was constitutional