Download Cardiorespiratory system

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
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Transportation of nutrients, gases, and waste
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Protection from infection and blood loss
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Maintenance of body temperature
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Supply blood with oxygen
• Removal of carbon dioxide
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
BLOOD VESSELS “the roads, railway tracks, and airways of the body”
• Arteries “freeway” – carry blood AWAY from the heart
• Veins – carry blood TOWARDS the heart
• Capillaries “side streets”– tiny, ‘hair-like’ blood vessels where gas
exchange occurs
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Heart – pump of the body
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About the size of your fist
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Your heart is a muscle (remember involuntary
cardiac muscle!) that contracts and relaxes
automatically approximately 70 beats per minute
at rest
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The heart is divided into a right and left half –
each are pumps and ensure there’s no mixing
between oxygenated blood and deoxygenated
blood
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Each half of the heart is in charge of pumping
blood through different blood vessel circuits
THE HEART
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4 chambers of the heart
• Atria – right/left
• Ventricles – right/left
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Valves – ensure blood flows in a one
direction
• tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral (bicuspid), aortic
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Veins – carry blood TOWARDS the heart
• Superior Vena Cava
• Inferior Vena Cava
• Pulmonary Vein*
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Arteries – carry blood AWAY from the heart
• Pulmonary Artery*
• Aorta
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Septum – separates the left and right ventricles
BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART
BLOOD FLOW FLOW CHART
BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART
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Oxygenated blood enters the left atrium through the pulmonary veins*
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The left atrium pumps the blood through the mitral valve into the left ventricle
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The left ventricle contracts and pumps the blood through the aortic valve towards
the body systems where the oxygen is delivered through the capillaries
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The deoxygenated blood is transported back towards the heart through the veins.
The superior and inferior vena cava both transport deoxygenated blood to the
right atrium
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The right atrium contracts and pumps the blood through the tricuspid valve
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The right ventricle pumps the blood through the pulmonary valve to the
pulmonary artery* which delivers the deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it
become oxygenated blood through gas exchange in the capillaries
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The pulmonary vein then transports the oxygenated blood to the left atrium where
the cycle is continued (about 70 times per minute!)
Blood flow video Blood flow video 2
*????????
WHAT MAKES THE ‘LUB-DUB’ NOISE?
Lub
• Atria contract to fill ventricles
• Ventricles are full
• Tricuspid (T) and mitral (M) valves snap shut
to prevent backflow
• Pulmonary (P) and aortic (A) valves are open
Dub
• Ventricles contract
• Blood flows through pulmonary (P) and
aortic (A) valves
• Pulmonary (P) and aortic (A) valve snap shut
to prevent backflow
• Tricuspid (T) and mitral (M) valves are open
Lub – T+M snap shut, P+A open
Dub – P+A snap shut, T+M open
NOTEBOOK HEART
Systole and
Diastole
WHAT MAKES THE LUB-DUB NOISE?
ACTIVITY TIME
1. Turn to page 36 in your PINK notebook
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LABEL THE HEART
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COLOUR THE OXYGENTATED HALF IN RED AND THE DEOXYGENTATED HALF IN
BLUE
2. Time-permitting: in groups of 3, create a song, skit, or comparison to explain the
blood flow through the heart.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• When you breathe in (inhale) air is carried through your air
passages and into your lungs, expanding them like a blown-up
balloon.
• The expansion of your
lungs would not be
possible without respiratory
muscles, such as pectoralis
major and minor and the
diaphragm.
• Pectoralis major and minor
(chest muscles) lift your ribs
up and out to make room for
the lungs to expand
• The diaphragm is the strong muscle that separates
the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. When your
diaphragm moves down, your lungs expand and suck
in air. When you exhale, your diaphragm rises to
squeeze carbon dioxide out of your lungs
PATHWAY OF RESPIRATION
Nasal/Oral cavity Pharynx  Larynx 
Trachea  Bronchi (left and right lung)
Bronchioles Alveoli
1. Nasal cavity (nose)
The hairs that line the
inside wall are part of the
air-cleansing system.
2. Oral cavity (mouth)
Beneficial if nasal passages
are temporarily obstructed by
a cold.
3. Pharynx (throat)
Collects incoming air from
the nose and passes it down
to the trachea.
4. Larynx (voice box)
Contains vocal cords that
produce sound when moving
air is inhaled.
5. Trachea (wind pipe)
Passage leading from
pharynx to lungs.
6. Bronchi (tubes)
Trachea divides into a left
and right bronchi for each
lung (left lung has two
lobes/right has three). These
tubes are lined with cilia that
have a wave-like motion
which carries MUCUS
upward and out into the
throat, where it is either
coughed up or swallowed.
The mucus catches and holds
much of the dust, germs, and
other unwanted matter that
has invaded the lungs and
thus gets rid of it.
7. Bronchioles
Smallest subdivision of the
bronchioles, at the end of
which are the alveoli.
8. Alveoli
Small air sacs that collect the
air inhaled. Also help
destroy bacteria and irritants
that might harm the lungs.
***Around each alveolus there is a network of blood
vessels called capillaries. Oxygen from inhaled air
passes into the capillaries, while carbon dioxide from
blood that has already circulated around the body is
passed back into the lungs to be exhaled.
SMOKING
What do you think about when
you hear the word
SMOKING??????
• Smoking is hazardous to all of
the systems in your body,
especially your respiratory
system. When you smoke a
cigarette, you inhale the smoke
into your lungs. This means
that your lungs are directly
exposed to the 4,000 toxic
substances in cigarette smoke.
These substances can impair
your lungs' ability to function
and interfere with the
mechanisms that protect your
lungs against disease.
CLOSER LOOK AT RESPIRATIONS: RESPIRATORY
RATE (RR)
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Each respiration involves one inhalation
(chest rises) and one exhalation (chest falls)
Normally quiet, effortless and regular (both
sides of the chest rise and fall equally)
Factors that affect respiration rate: age,
weather, exercise, pregnancy, menstrual cycle,
emotions and stress
If the chest barely moves, the breathing is
called shallow
If the chest rises and falls significantly with
every breath, this is known as deep breathing
Count how many respirations the client has in
30 seconds and then multiply it by 2 (table 403 (pg. 667) – Normal Respiratory Rates by Age)
Copy and practice procedure on pg. 668