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APARNA NATARAJAN NICOLE SALAZAR FABIO GUNDERSON Help & Directions Hi ! Welcome to the Lost Library! Before you begin your journey, read these directions carefully and thoroughly. But don’t worry, if you ever forget, just click to get back to this page ! The Renaissance was one of the most influential time periods in history, and in this alternate universe, all of the original works from the period have been lost ! You have just discovered the lost library, containing information about the iconic works of the Renaissance ! It’s your job to discover more about the works of da Vinci, Shakespeare, and more artists that our modern world has forgotten ! Go to the library to find the directory! Go to library… You’ve found the library directory ! You can use the directory to look for books to find out more about the art, literature, and architecture of the Renaissance ! Adding to inventory… Open Directory Library Directory BACK TO THE LIBRARY ! Books about Paintings La Primavera - Sandro Botticelli… …Book 1482 Virgin Of The Rocks - Leonardo da Vinci… …Book 1486 The Flagellation of Christ - Piero della Francesca… …Book 1455 Self Portrait - Albrecht Durer… …Book 1500 Books about Sculptures Gates of Paradise - Lorenzo Ghiberti… …Book 1425 Books about Literature A Winter's Tale - William Shakespeare… …Book 1623 The Book of the Courtier - Baldassare Castiglione… …Book 1528 Books about Architecture Basilica Di San Pietro… …Book 1626 Church of San Lorenzo… …Book 1459 Pazzi Chapel… …Book 1457 1623 1500 1455 1425 1482 1486 1425 1500 1459 1629 1623 1455 1482 1626 1486 1528 La Primavera While the meaning is unknown, the most believed theory is the humanistic one, in which Venus is separating material values with spiritual values. It is also believed that Flora, the woman spreading flowers, is the personification of spring. In Botticelli’s time, the people in the painting, looking to be deep in thought, were considered to be the perfect representation of human beauty. La Primavera was painted by The Renaissance was a period of Sandro Botticelli for Lorenzo di rebirth. La Primavera is thought to bring the Pierfrancesco de’ Medici in Italy between rebirth of myths to light in the form of classical the years of 1477 and 1482. style. Virgin of the Rocks The Virgin Of The Rocks was painted by Leonardo da Vinci and produced in Milan around 1486 . Its medium was oilbased paint and it was displayed in the Church of San Francisco Grande. It depicts the Virgin Mary, Jesus, John the Baptist, and the angel Uriel. The religious figures in the painting seem almost human. They’re lacking connections to heaven, such as halos. Da Vinci seemed to want to keep the subjects as earthly as possible, and focus on how natural they were. The subjects are painted to look extremely realistic, and both Jesus and St. John are depicted as nude. During the period of the Renaissance, nudity in paintings was a common theme. The Flagellation of Christ The Flagellation of Christ by Piero della Francesca remains to be one of the most intriguing pieces of early Renaissance art. Made in 1455-1465, this work showcases Francesca "obsession" with perspective. It is one of the best examples of perspective, an artistic technique used by many Renaissance artists, as well as an example of the oil paint medium. The 58.4 cm x 81.5 cm painting depicts the torture and flagellation of Christ at the hands of Roman soldiers. Look over at the left hand side of the painting,. (Click on the magnifying glass to get a closer view.) As you can see, the flagellation, the gory whipping of Christ before the altar is not the center of the painting. The setting of this section of the painting is indoor, in a courtyard with black and white tiled flooring., in sharp contrast with the real focus- the three unidentifiable men talking on the right side of the painting. In the right side, the figures are painted realistically and are much more prominent than the figures on the left. The identity of these three men have been argued by many historians over the course of history. Today, their "secret identities" are accepted to be Oddantanio de Montefeltro, ruler of Urbino, and his two advisors by his side. Self Portrait at TwentyEight Years Old Self Portrait at Twenty-Eight Years Old was painted by Abrecht Dürer in 1500 with oil-based paints. Abrecht Dürer painted various self portraits at different ages, however, the one he painted when he was 28 years old was different from the others. His other portraits depicted three quarters of his face due to him being tilted away from the point of view. In this portrait, he is facing the point of view. During the Renaissance, this pose was used for paintings of Jesus Christ. This decision of Dürer’s to paint himself in Christ's position defined himself as a genius and a living god. Like most works of art during this time period, Dürer’s work in Self Portrait at Twenty-Eight Years Old challenged religious themes. Gates of Paradise The Gates of Paradise (Porta del Paradiso in Italian) was made by Lorenzo Ghiberti and was started in 1425 and completed in 1452. Every wing of the Gates of Paradise contains five vast rectangular depictions of scenes from the Old Testament between statuettes emblems with busts in the borders. This work contrasts completely from the conventional medieval techniques of the Gothic style. The first entryways were restored ahead of schedule in the 21st century, and they are currently in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo; reproductions embellish the passage to the baptistery. The traditionally displayed figures inside of the reliefs are put in scenes or in perspectivally rendered building design to recommend a more prominent profundity to the reliefs than really exists. It shows that Florentine craftsmen had aced direct point of view and the established phrase by the mid fifteenth century. A Winter's Tale A Winter's Tale is one of William Shakespeare's more experimental plays, differing largely from the classical "unities". The three classical unities are as follows1) the action should take place within a 24 hour time span; 2) the action should take place in one geographical place/setting; 3) the play should have one main plot and no sub-plots. It is well known for being a two-part play. The first part consists of three tragic separate acts set in Sicily, Italy during the winter months. The latter comedic part of the play is set during the Bohemian summer. Some of Shakespeare's influences include the Greek myth of Pygmalion (which signifies the role humanism played in the Renaissance) and Robert Greene’s Pandosto, The Triumph of Time. A Winter's Tale is mainly about how jealousy can destroy lives and relationships. In the book, King Leontes of Sicily begins to believe that his faithful and loving wife, Hermoine, is infidelitous. Worse, he believes she is having an affair with his childhood best friend- King Polixenes of Bohemia, effectively destroying two relationships with people he holds dear to his heart. He takes Hermione to court where she is convicted and sent to jail, where she gives birth to Perdita, who the King refuses to accept. In a shocking turn of events, Florizel, King Polixenes' son, falls in love with Perdita. Thankfully, Perdita is proven to be King Leontes'daughter, and all is well. The Book of the Courtier The Book of the Courtier by Baldassare Castiglione was published in 1528. It was essentially a guide on etiquette for men and women in courts during the Renaissance, Castiglione spent a considerable amount of time under the tutelage of princes during his youth, gaining the respect of many politicians and artists of that time. Castiglione conveyed his ideal of the perfect courtier indirectly. In The Book of the Courtier, he concocted an imaginary conversation amongst courtiers who discuss the values and mannerisms the perfect courtier would have. The Book of the Courtier was an international bestseller until the end of the 18th century. It was translated into French, Spanish, Dutch, English, German, Polish and Latin. Much of its content is still relevant today. For example, the urge to retain power at all costs and the conflicting views of sticking to your morals. The book's ideas and theses shall always remain universal. Journey into the very heart of Christianity and into one of greatest architectural achievements of its era. Take a journey to La Basilica Di San Pietro in the Vatican. Click on this picture for written text of the Basilicas story and its symbolism. Click on the above picture for audio version Visualize the symbolic power of San Pietro's Basilica. Enjoy seeing the 3D model come alive before your eyes. Basilica Di San Lorenzo The Basilica Di San Lorenzo is a milestone architectural achievement in the renaissance. Its revolutionary design implemented modern techniques in the world of engineering/architecture. Click on the picture above to experience the fascinating birth of this incredible masterpiece in the written format. Click on the picture to the right to learn about the story of San Lorenzo and how it became a symbolic milestone for the Renaissance, and explore the basilica itself. Pazzi Chapel The Pazzi Chapel is a historic masterpiece by Brunelleschi. It features many different subjects. Learn about this symbolic building and how it connects to many aspects of the Renaissance world. (click picture above) See through the eyes of a tourist in Italy, and see the Pazzi Chapel for yourself right through your screen! (click picture above) Basilica Di San Lorenzo Florence, Italy- The basilica di San Lorenzo Is one of the oldest churches in Italy, dating all the way back to the 4th century. However during the Renaissance the building was rebuilt into the magnificent basilica we know today. Construction started in 1419 and finished in 1459. The church was designed by none other than Brunelleschi (the architectural genius of the time) and was financed by the Medici family. The front section of the Church was never complete (Brunelleschi died before the completion of the church's front). Even though Michelangelo created a marble design for the front after Brunelleschi’s death, his design was never implemented. The Basilica Di San Lorenzo was the parish of the Medici and many of the family’s important members were buried inside the Basilica. The church is considered to be a huge milestone for architecture in the Renaissance. Although the front may look very dull and boring, the inside of the basilica has a very different appearance. The inside has white walls, gray columns and bright and colorful frescoes. Yet this is not the reason it was a revolutionary building. San Lorenzo was a milestone because of the: -Use of spherical segments on the side vaults -Use of proportions for the height of columns -Integrated system of arches, columns, and entablatures -aisles of equal proportion to the main hall Basilica Di San Pietro The Basilica is a reminder of the Church's power and wealth in the 16th and 17th century, and how it dominated the social landscape for much of medieval history. Architecture Vatican City- Saint Peter's Basilica is the largest church in the world, and the center of the world's largest religion; Christianity. The enormous structure took over a century to build, and can house over 60,000 people. Built from 1506-1626 on top of the old Saint Peter's which was constructed in the 4th century, the building we see today took thousands of skilled workers and went through several architectural plans before its actual finish. The main design of the building was drawn and thought out by Michelangelo even if the architect in charge changed frequently. The Basilica Di San Pietro is one of, if not the greatest architectural achievements of its era. It covers over 5.7 acres and has a powerful symbolic and holy presence in the area and across the whole world. Giacomo della Porta was the head engineer who finalized the design for the dome. The dome itself measures 120m off the ground and 42m in diameter. It is one of the largest domes in the world and only took a mere 22 months to build. The basilica is also a heritage site. Many people perform a pilgrimage To this holy site to see the Pope as well as the rest of the Vatican. The square center of the basilica is outlined by vast columns that symbolically welcome you Into the Catholic world. Saint Peter's Basilica incorporates distinctive architectural features, such as: - use of symmetrical shapes - use of Roman based columns - use of flat ceilings Another trait is that Saint Peter's Basilica's structure easily allowed architects to keep on adding on top of previous designs without modifying the basic structure. The Pazzi Chapel This rivalry was so strong that members of the Pazzi family Florence, Italy- As you first walk into the Chapel you immediately are struck by the geometric perfection Brunelleschi was attempting to achieve. The whole of the building is based on a project plan intended to achieve harmonization of the geometric figures used. History Another very important feature of the building typical of the Renaissance is how Brunelleschi used the classical style (Roman and Greek). At first walking in you might mistake the Chapel for a Roman temple, because of the layout and design, Brunelleschi however, did put his own twist on the design. The building was completed after his death in 1457. During the Renaissance, it was not uncommon for wealthy families to show their dominance and wealth through elaborate buildings and temples. In this case the Pazzi family and the Medici family were huge rivals. even tried to murder Lorenzo di Medici. Architecture The chapel itself starts off with an atrium (an entrance hall), which is characterized by 6 columns supporting an arch in the center. The hall is dominated by an umbrella shaped dome. The dome some what resembles the Pantheon in Rome and it was reported that Brunelleschi measured “every inch” of the Pantheon trying to find how to incorporate its geometric perfection into his ideas. In this building Brunelleschi took the classical design of ancient Greek and Roman temple and incorporated perfect shapes into the design. This was done to achieve harmony and perfect geometry. Shapes such As; equilateral triangles, squares were considered perfect shapes. The circle was considered the shape of god because it has no beginning or end. In the center of the 2 minor domes the coat of arms of the Pazzi family appear. The coat of arms is a pair of Dolphins jumping out it was made out of glazed terracotta by Luca Della Robbia. Credits You did it ! La Primavera “Sandro Botticelli.” Encyclopedia of World Biography. Library of Congress, n.d. Web. Oct. 4, 2015 Virgin of the Rocks “Virgin of the Rocks.” Absolute Astronomy. n.d. Web. Oct. 12, 2015. The Flagellation of Christ The Flagellation of Christ. Digital image. Wikimedia. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015. Zapella, Catherine. "Piero Della Francesca's Flagellation of Christ." Khan Academy. Khan Academy, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015. Self Portrait “Dürer, Albrecht.” Web Gallery of Art. n.d. Web. Oct. 12, 2015. “Divine Inspiration.” The Guardian. n.d. Web. Oct. 12, 2015. Gates of Paradise "The Gates of Paradise: Lorenzo Ghiberti's Renaissance Masterpiece.” The Gates of Paradise: Lorenzo Ghiberti's Renaissance Masterpiece. The Art Institute of Chicago, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015. "Gates of Paradise | Work by Ghiberti." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015. The Gates of Paradise. Digital image. Brittanica, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015. The Gates of Paradise. Digital image. City Arts Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015. The Gates of Paradise. Digital image. City Arts Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015. Credits You did it ! A Winter’s Tale The Winter's Tale. Digital image. Jersey City FYI. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015. Zapella, Catherine. "Piero Della Francesca's Flagellation of Christ." Khan Academy. Khan Academy, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015. Zou, James. "The Metamorphoses of Love in The Winter's Tale." 116.1584 (1975): n. pag. Duke University. Duke University. Web. 15 Oct. 2015. Shakespeare, William. "Winter's Tale: Entire Play." Winter's Tale: Entire Play. MIT, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015. Shakespeare, William, and F. E. Pierce. A Winter's Tale. New Haven: Yale UP, 1918. Print. The Book of the Courtier The Book of Courtier. Digital image. Hank Whittemore Files. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015. "Renaissance Literature: The Courtier: Castiglione." Renaissance Literature: The Courtier: Castiglione. Newman Library, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015. Pazzi Chapel "Pazzi Chapel | Chapel, Florence, Italy." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2015. "Information." Pazzi Chapel. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2015. "Pazzi Chapel - Florence." Pazzi Chapel - Florence. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2015. "Learn Travel Art." Learn Travel Art. N.p., 21 June 2014. Web. 13 Oct. 2015. 3d model of Pazzi Chapel- Columbia University: Department of Art history and Visual Media. URL: http://www.learn.columbia.edu/ha/panos/Santa-Croce/Pazzi-Chapel-3/ Video by Khan Academy: Speakers- Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker Liteature: Conti, Flavio. Understanding Art: A Freference Guide To Painting Sculpture And Architecture In The Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque Periods" London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1978. Print Credits You did it ! Basilica Di San Pietro "Saint Peter's Basilica." Saint Peter's Basilica. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2015. "St Peter's Basilica (Basilica Di San Pietro)." Rome.info St Peter's Basilica in Vatican. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2015. "St. Peter's Basilica "St. Peter's Basilica (Basilica Di San Pietro) in Rome, Italy. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2015. "St. Peter's Basilica, Rome." A View On Cities. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2015. Liteature : Conti, Flavio. Understanding Art: A Freference Guide To Painting Sculpture And Architecture In The Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque Periods" London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1978. Print Video by Khan Academy, Speakers: Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/renaissance-reformation/high-renflorence-rome/bramante/v/saint-peter-s-basilica-vatican-city-begun-1506-completed-1626 Basilica Di San Lorenzo "San Lorenzo Church in Florence, Italy: Medici Chapels in San Lorenzo Church ." San Lorenzo Church in Florence, Italy: Medici Chapels in San Lorenzo Church. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2015. "Basilica Di San Lorenzo, Florence." A View On Cities. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2015. "Medici Chapels and Church of San Lorenzo - Florence." Medici Chapels and Church of San Lorenzo - Florence. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2015. Video by Khan Academy, Speakers- Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker: https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/renaissance-reformation/earlyrenaissance1/sculpture-architecture-florence/v/brunelleschi-old-sacristy-san-lorenzo-florence-begun-c-1421 Literature: Ellis, Elisabeth and Esler, Anthony. "World History: Connections To Today". Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 1999. Print Other Credits Luebering, J. E. The 100 Most Influential Writers of All Time. New York, NY: Britannica Educational Pub. in Association with Rosen Educational Services, 2010. Print. The Britannica Guide to The World's Most Influential People. Barter, James. Artists of the Renaissance. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1999. Print. History Makers.