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6:30 Post-Cold War World Globalization Fall of the Berlin Wall (1989)—official end of the Cold War globalization (1970s-present)—interactions of people, govts, and countries of different world nations market oriented policy—cutting taxes, regulations, and govt assistance to poor; to grow economies corporations move jobs to countries with low wages/regulations exploitation and environmental damage elimination of tariffs—taxes on imports Globalization International Monetary Fund, aka IMF (1944)— promote market economies, free trade World Bank (1945)—created by UN to offer loans to developing countries World Health Organization, aka WHO (1948)— created by UN to help govts promote health Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, aka OPEC (1960)—regulates oil prices North American Free Trade Agreement, aka NAFTA (1994)—free trade between Canada, US, Mexico Post-Cold War Economies Asian countries dominate industrialization, banking, and IT Japan: IT and banking The Asian Tigers: manufacturing and investments Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, China; millions lifted out of poverty Rank Country 2016 GDP billions of US Dollars 1 China $21,636,927 2 India $8,558,129 3 Japan $4,901,102 4 Indonesia $3,010,746 5 South Korea $1,916,518 6 Saudi Arabia $1,720,027 7 Iran $1,439,295 8 Australia $1,138,085 9 Thailand $1,108,111 10 Taiwan $1,099,030 Post-Cold War Economies India: software and IT millions still in poverty Russia: oil ultra-wealthy upper class Brazil: agribusiness and steel millions in favelas (slums) Effects of Globalization World Trade Organization (1995)—makes rules that govern +90% of international trade critics say global trade not always fair trade: ignores workers’ rights, disregards environments, bankrupts small businesses internet: easy access to information, communication global consciousness social media, Arab Spring (2011) Struggles for Democracy United States Civil Rights Act (1964)– outlawed discrimination on race, color, religion, sex, national origin United States Voting Rights Act (1965)— outlawed discrimination in voting South Africa’s Apartheid (1948)— segregated South Africa’s white/black citizens Nelson Mandela (1964)—South African civil rights leader Struggles for Democracy Chinese Communist Party, aka CCP (1921-present)—censors news, education, speech 55 ethnic minority groups, Tiananmen Square (1989) Global Security George H. W. Bush’s New World Order (1990)—US will lead in creating a safe, unified world conservative Muslim nations hostile to US’s permissive attitudes to sex, gender roles, pop culture; support of Israel; Persian Gulf War (1991) Rise of terrorism: al-Qaeda, Taliban, ISIS Countries with the Largest Military Budgets, 2012 Country Total Military (US dollars) United States $656 billion China $126 billion Japan $66 billion United Kingdom $61 billion Russia $59 billion Genocide and Human Rights Rwandan genocide (1993)—800k minority Tutsis killed by Hutus Bosnian genocide (1995)— 30k Muslims killed in former Yugoslavia; “ethnic cleansing” Darfur, Sudan (2003)—Sudanese govt slaughters 200k non-Arab Muslim Africans international women’s issues: not allowed to own property or divorce honor killings social segregation child marriage genital mutilation Trafficking lack of education and health care Environment global warming—rising avg. temp. of earth; release of carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels (coal, oil) Greenpeace (1971)—fights deforestation, desertification, desertification, overfishing nonfossil fuel energy—wind, solar, tidal, geothermal nuclear disasters: Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania (1979), Chernobyl in Ukraine (1986), Fukushima in Japan (2011) Disease antibiotic resistance— bacteria strains that resist treatment of antibiotics Alexander Fleming (1928) invents penicillin vaccinations, organ transplants Today’s leading epidemics: malaria, tuberculosis, cholera, smallpox, polio, HIV/AIDS, Ebola, diabetes, heart disease, Alzheimer’s