Download ASD Overview Powerpoint

The Study of Special Needs in Infancy and Early Childhhod
Pervasive Developmental
Disorders and Autism Spectrum
Disorders:
Rosa C. Martinez, Ph.D., BCBA
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INTRODUCTION:
This mini presentation will focus on
“AUTISM”
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Part 1
•Definitions
•Etiology of autism
•Symptoms
•Prevalence
•Diagnosis
•Treatment approaches
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Frequently Used Acronyms
in Relation to Autism:
•ABA: Applied Behavior Analysis
•ABC: Applied Behavior Consultants
•ABC: Autism Behavior Checklist
•ABC: Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence
•ADA: American w/ Disabilities Act
•ADD: Attention Deficit Disorder
•ADHD: Attn Deficit Hyperactivity Dis
•ADI: Autism Diagnostic Interview
•ADOS: Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale
•AIA: Autism, Intolerance
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More Acronyms:
•AIT: Auditory Integration Training
•ANC: Autism National Committee
•ANDI: Autism Network for Dietary Intervention
•ARI: Autism Research Institute
•ARRI: Autism Research Review International
•AS: Asperger’s Syndrome
•ASA: Autism Society of America
•ASD: Autism Spectrum Disorders
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More Acronyms:
•ASL: American Sign Language
•AUTCOM: Autism National Committee
•CAN: Cure Autism Now
•CARS: Childhood Autism Rating Scale
•CBCL: Achenbach Childhood Beh Checklist
•CF: Casein free
•CHAT: Checklist for Autism in Toddlers
•DAN: Defeat Autism Now
•DAS: Developmental Apraxia of Speech
•FC: Facilitated Communication
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More Acronyms:
•FEAT: Families for Early Autism Treatment
•GARS: Gilliam Autism Rating Scale
•GF: Gluten Free
•HFA: High Functioning Autistic
•LFA: Low Functioning Autistic
•NAS: National Autistic Society
•NLP: Natural Language Paradigm
•NOS: Not Otherwise Specified
•OCD: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
•ODD: Oppositional Defiant Disorder
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More Acronyms:
•PDD: Pervasive Developmental Disorder
•PDD-NOS: PDD Not Otherwise Specified
•PECS: Picture Exchange Comm System
•PEP: Psycho-Educational Profile
•POAC: Parents of Autistic Children
•PRT: Pivotal Response Training
•RCMPHD: ME
•SI: Sensory Integration
•SIB: Self Injurious Behavior
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More Acronyms:
•TEACCH: Treatment & Education of
Autistic & Related Communication
Handicapped Children
•TOM: Theory of Mind
•TS: Tourette’s Syndrome
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NO NEED TO
REMEMBER
THESE!
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THE MOST IMPORTANT
ACRONYMS:
•ASD:
Autistic Spectrum Disorder
•PDD:
Pervasive Developmental Disorder
•
RCMPHD:
Rosa C. Martinez, PhD., BCBA
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Part I
DEFINITIONS:
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Pervasive Developmental Disorders
•PDD is a category designated by
the American Psychiatric Association
•PDD is NOT a disorder
•PDD is a behavioral diagnoses
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Pervasive Developmental Disorders
1.Autism Disorder
2.Asperger’s Disorder
3.Rett’s Disorder
4.Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
5.PDD-NOS
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PDD/ ASD
Autism
Asperger's
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PDD-NOS
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What Is ASD?
ASD and PDD are synonymous
Autism is often referred to as a spectrum
disorder, meaning that the symptoms and
characteristics of autism can present
themselves in a wide variety of combinations,
from mild to severe.
(Two children both with a diagnosis of autism,
can act very differently from one another.)
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What is Autism?
A developmental disability
…affects the processing, integrating, and
organizing of information
…significantly impacts communication,
social interaction, functional skills, and
educational performance
A neurological disorder (abnormalities in the CNS)
…affects functioning of the brain
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AUTISM is on the rise!
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What Is the Difference Between
PDD-NOS and Autism?
PDD-NOS:
Behavioral diagnoses
No medical test
No brain scan
Same educational
approach
Very mild autistic
symptoms
Some autistic
symptoms w/ other
severe neurological
problems
AUTISM:
Behavioral diagnoses
No medical test
No brain scan
Same educational
approach
Severe autistic
symptoms
Neurological problems
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PDD is synonymous with ASD.
PDD is not synonymous with
Autism.
Why not?
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PDD:
•Category of various disorders
•Not itself a diagnoses
PDD-NOS:
•Features that resemble autism but may not be
as severe or extensive
•PDD-NOS is a diagnosis
(NOS: Not Otherwise Specified)
AUTISM:
•The most severe of the pervasive developmental
disorders
•Autism is a diagnosis
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AUTISM:
• A developmental disability (affect’s a person’s
ability to communicate, understand language,
play, and interact.)
• Autism is a behavioral syndrome (which means
that the definition is based on patterns or
behaviors emitted.)
• Autism is a neurological disability (presumed to
be present at birth and is usually apparent before
the age of 3.
• Specific cause is unknown. (It is widely assumed
that there are multiple causes, each of which
manifests subtypes.)
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Asperger’s:
• Deficits in social interaction
• Unusual responses to the environment
(similar to those in autism)
however:
• cognitive and communicative development
are within the normal or near normal range
in the first years of life and
•verbal skills are usually an area of strength.
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DISORDER
AUTISM
ASPERGER’S
DIAGNOSES
15-18 months
Onset 0-3
Diagnosed over age 15-18 months
3
Atypical autism
after 3 years old
DSM – IV
A)Social
B)Communication
C) Behavior
At least 1 sign Does not include
from A, B, and communication re:
C, plus 6
verbal speech skills
overall.
Fewer criteria
are diagnosable
as PDD-NOS
Spectrum of
severity
determines
diagnoses
Severely
disordered
verbal and
non-verbal
language,
unusual
behaviors
Severe
impairments but
strict criteria for
other PDD
disorders not
met.
Relatively good
language, mild nonverbal language
deficits, restricted
range of interests
and relatedness
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PDD-NOS
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ETIOLOGY OF AUTISM
No specific cause has yet been identified.
Theories:
•Biological
•Neurological
•MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
•PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
•Genetic
•Environmental
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SYMPTOMS OF AUTISM
•Problems using and understanding language
•Difficulty relating to people, objects, and events
•Unusual play with toys and other objects
•Difficulty with change in routines
•Repetitive body movements
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SYMPTOMS
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SYMPTOMS
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EARLY
DETECTION
AND
EARLY
INTERVENTION
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Red Flag Criteria for diagnosis prior to 3 years old
At 6 months
• not making eye contact with parent during
interaction
• Not cooing or babbling
• Not smiling when parents smile
• Not participating in vocal turn-taking
• Not responding to peek-a-boo game
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At 14 months
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
No attempts to speak
Not pointing, waving or grasping
No response when name is called
Indifferent to others
Repetitive body motions
Fixation on a single object
Oversensitivity to textures, smells, sounds
Strong resistance to change in routine
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At 24 months
• Does not initiate 2-word phrases (doesn’t
just echo words)
• Any loss of words or developmental skill
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Persons with AUTISM may
possess the following
characteristics
in various combinations and in
varying degrees of severity:
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Inappropriate
laughing
or giggling
No real fear of
dangers!
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Apparent insensitivity
to pain
May not want cuddling
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Sustained unusual or
repetitive play;
Uneven physical
or verbal skills
May avoid eye contact
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May prefer
to be alone
Difficulty in expressing
needs; May use gestures
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Inappropriate attachments
to objects
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Insistence on
sameness
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Inappropriate
response or no
Echoes words or phrases response to sound
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Spins objects
or self
Difficulty in
interacting
with others
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PREVALENCE
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PREVALENCE
/
166
/
150
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PREVALENCE
Over one half
million people in
the U.S. have
some form
of ASD
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PREVALENCE
Autism is the
3rd
most common
Developmental
disability
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PREVALENCE
Autism has
no racial,
ethnic, or social
boundaries
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PREVALENCE
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DIAGNOSES OF AUTISM
•No medical tests for diagnosing autism
•Behavioral diagnoses
•ABC
•ADI
•CARS
•ADOS
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DIAGNOSIS: DSM-IV
SOCIAL
COMMUNICATION
BEHAVIOR
NONVERBAL
BEHAVIOR
SPOKEN
LANGUAGE
RESTRICTED
PATTERNS OF
INTEREST
PEER
RELATIONSHIPS
INITIATING
CONVERSATION
COMPULSIVE
ROUTINES
SPONTANEOUS
SHARING
IDIOSYNCRATIC
LANGUAGE
STEREOTYPIES
SOCIAL
RECIPROCITY
MAKE BELIEVE
IMITATIVE PLAY
OBJECT
PREOCCUPATION
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TREATMENT APPROACHES
Clinical Practice Guideline
Report of the
Recommendations:
Autism/Pervasive
Developmental Disorders
Assessment and Intervention
For Young Children (Age 0-3
Years)
Sponsored by New York State
Department of Health Early
Intervention Program
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TREATMENT
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DO:
• Refer the parent to their pediatrician!
• Give them a brochure to take to their
pediatrician… “Identifying Children with Autism
Spectrum Disorder” Information for Physicians and
Primary Health Care Providers
• Provide Resources
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Communication:
• Does not respond to own name
• Cannot tell me what he/she wants
• Language is delayed
• Doesn’t follow directions
• Appears deaf at times
• Seems to hear sometimes but not others
• Doesn’t point or wave bye-bye
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Social:
• Doesn’t smile socially
• Seems to prefer to play alone
• Has poor eye contact
• In his own world
• Tunes others out
• Not interested in peers
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Behavioral:
• “Tantrums”
• “Hyperactive”, “uncooperative” or “oppositional”
• Doesn;’t know how to play with toys
• Repeats things over and over
• Toe walks
• Has unusual attachments to toys
• Lines things up
• Appears oversensitive to certain textures or sounds
• Has odd movement
patterns
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INDICATIONS FOR IMMEDIATE
FURTHER EVALUATION
• No babbling by 12 months
• No gesturing by 12 months
• No single words by 16 months
• No 2-word spontaneous phrases by 24 months
(not echolalic vocalizations)
• ANY loss of ANY language or SOCIAL SKILLS at
any age
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TREATMENT
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For more resources on Autism visit....
Thank you
for your
participation!
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