Download Work Packet - Huth Science

Standard 6: Cellular Reproduction, L. Huth1
Name__________________________________________________________Lab_____Block_____
Standard 6: Cellular Reproduction
Gametes, Zygotes and Stem Cells
Indiana Standards
B.6.2 Understand that most cells of a multicellular organism contain the same genes, but develop from a
single cell (e.g., a fertilized egg) in different ways due to differential gene expression.
Objectives
Identify gametes in multicellular organisms
Give the number of chromosomes in each gamete
Give the number of chromosomes in a zygote
Describe cellular reproduction from zygote to blastula
Explain why embryotic stem cells must be extracted at the blastula stage
Discuss pros and cons of stem cell treatments
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Notes
Cellular Reproduction:
Gametes (egg and sperm cells):
Drawing, Including # of Chromosomes in Each:
Zygote:
Drawing, Including # of Chromosomes in Each:
Standard 6: Cellular Reproduction, L. Huth2
Zygote Cleavage 2:
Drawing, Including # of Chromosomes in Each
Section:
Zygote Cleavage 4:
Drawing, Including # of Chromosomes in Each
Section:
Zygote Cleavage 8:
Drawing, Including # of Chromosomes in Each
Section:
Morula:
Drawing, Including # of Chromosomes in Each
Section:
Blastula:
Drawing, Including # of Chromosomes in Each
Section:
Gastrula:
Drawing, Including # of Chromosomes in Each
Section:
Standard 6: Cellular Reproduction, L. Huth3
Stem Cells:
Why are undifferentiated (stem) cells important to medical research?
Research and Report
Find recent Information about stem cell research or stem cell therapy:
Why is stem cell therapy controversial?
What is your opinion about stem cell research and therapy?
Standard 6: Cellular Reproduction, L. Huth4
Differentiation, Germ Layers
& Cellular Organization
Indiana Standards
B.6.2 Understand that most cells of a multicellular organism contain the same genes, but develop from a
single cell (e.g., a fertilized egg) in different ways due to differential gene expression.
B.6.3 Explain that in multicellular organisms the zygote produced during fertilization undergoes a series
of cell divisions that lead to clusters of cells that go on to specialize and become the organisms tissues
and organs.
Objectives
Explain the tissues that arise from the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm (germ layers)
Predict what would happen if a genetic mutation affected the mesoderm
Order the levels of cell organization from organelle to organ system
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Notes
Differentiation:
Gastrula:
Levels of Cellular
Organization from
Simple to Complex:
Standard 6: Cellular Reproduction, L. Huth5
Critical Thinking Questions
Which series shows the different levels of cellular organization in order from the least complex to the most
complex?
A. cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
B. tissue, cell, organ, organism, organ system
C. cell, organism, tissue, organ, organ system
Which kingdom does not include multi-cellular organisms?
A. Animalia
B. Fungi
C. Bacteria
D. Plantae
What is cell differentiation?
A. The process of a cell turning into an organ
B. The process of a cell multiplying
C. The process of a stem cell changing into another cell
Give examples of what a stem cell might differentiate into:
A. heart, lung, stomach, skin
B. skin cell, muscle cell, erythrocyte, nerve cell
C. mitochondria, lysosome, ribosome
Which series lists the structures in order of their formation during embryonic development?
B. zygote, blastula, mesoderm layer
C. gastrula, ectoderm layer, zygote
D. zygote, endoderm layer, blastula
What embryonic tissue layer gives rise to the small intestine?
A. ectoderm
B. endoderm
C. mesoderm
Which organ results from ectoderm tissue layer?
A. bladder
B. heart
C. eye
D. stomach
If a mutation occurred in one of the mesoderm cells of a developing embryo which tissues or organs might be
affected?
A. muscles, heart, reproductive organs
B. lungs, bladder, stomach
C. eyes, brain, spinal cord
Embryonic stem cells are taken from an embryo that can divide endlessly and give rise to every type of tissue in
the body. Embryonic stem cells must be harvested before the endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm layers have
formed. Why couldn’t they be harvested after this stage?
A. They would encounter phagocytosis
B. They would already be going through the process of differentiation
C. They would be too large at this point
Standard 6: Cellular Reproduction, L. Huth6
Mitosis
Indiana Standards
B.6.1. Describe the process of mitosis and explain that this process ordinarily results in daughter cells
with genetic make-up identical to the parent cells.
Objectives
Describe and illustrate what happens in prophase
Describe and illustrate what happens in metaphase
Describe and illustrate what happens in anaphase
Describe and illustrate what happens in telophase
Describe and illustrate what happens in cytokinesis
Describe and illustrate what happens in interphase
Order phases of Mitosis.interphase and cytokinesis
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Notes:
Mitosis:
What pneumonic device will remind you of the order?
Instructions: Use the boxes on the next page to describe and diagram, metaphase, anaphase,
telophase, cytokinesis and interphase. Record the written description on one side and a make a
drawing with no label on the other side. Cut the flash cards and practice the following for your
test:
 You will be responsible for identifying diagrams of prophase, metaphase, anaphase,
telophase, cytokinesis and interphase.
 You will be responsible for putting the diagrams of the phases in the correct order.
 You will be responsible for matching the descriptions of each phase to the appropriate
diagram.
 You will be responsible for putting the names of the phases in order.
 Use your flash cards to practice.
The correct order from beginning to end:
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
Interphase happens between cytokinesis and prophase since this is a cycle
Standard 6: Cellular Reproduction, L. Huth7
Prophase Description
Diagram
Metaphase Description
Diagram
Anaphase Description
Diagram
Telophase Description
Diagram
Standard 6: Cellular Reproduction, L. Huth8
Leave blank for flash cards.
Standard 6: Cellular Reproduction, L. Huth9
Cytokinesis Description
Diagram
Interphase Description
Diagram
Standard 6: Cellular Reproduction, L. Huth10
Leave blank for flash cards.
Standard 6: Cellular Reproduction, L. Huth11
The Cell Cycle
Indiana Standard
B.6.3 Explain that in multicellular organisms the zygote produced during fertilization undergoes a series
of cell divisions that lead to clusters of cells that go on to specialize and become the organisms tissues
and organs.
Objectives
Describe the cell cycle stating that it is made up of mitosis, cytokinesis and interphase
Describe the length of interphase as to be compared with mitosis
Describe what happens during interphase stating that DNA is being replicated
_________________________________________________________________________________
Notes:
Somatic Cell:
Standard 6: Cellular Reproduction, L. Huth12
Lab: Identifying Stages of the Cell Cycle
Instructions:
complete the Classzone activity. You do not have to submit the final screen, you will be
completing this on the honor system. The purpose of this activity is to give you practice
identifying the phases of the cell cycle before completing the Onion Root Lab.
Classzone Activity:
https://www.classzone.com/books/ml_science_share/vis_sim/chm05_pg71_celldiv/chm05_p
g71_celldiv.html
Lab: Online Onion Root Lab
Instructions: Complete the online onion root lab. The data table for the lab is included in your
work packet. Enter the data you collect in the data table provided in your work packet. Read
every screen, follow the instructions on every screen. Click “next” at the bottom of each screen
until the activity is complete. You do NOT have to click the “vocabulary” links at the bottom of
each screen.
Online Onion Root Lab:
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/activities/cell_cycle/cell_cycle.html
Onion Root Tip Lab Data
What phase had the largest number of cells?
Why were there more cells in that phase?
Standard 6: Cellular Reproduction, L. Huth13
Meiosis
Indiana Standards
B.6.4 Describe and model the process of meiosis and explain the relationship between the genetic
make-up of the parent cell and the daughter cells (gametes).
B.6.5 Explain how, in sexual reproduction, crossing-over, independent assortment, and random
fertilization, result in offspring that are genetically different from the parents.
Objectives
Describe the two most important things that happen during Meiosis I
Describe and illustrate Prophase I
Describe and illustrate Metaphase I
Describe and illustrate Anaphase I
Describe and illustrate Telophase I
Describe and illustrate Prophase II
Describe and illustrate Metaphase II
Describe and illustrate Anaphase II
Describe and illustrate Telophase II
Illustrate the chromosomes in the daughter cells and explain their relationship between the parent cell
Describe and illustrate crossing over
Describe and illustrate independent assortment
Explain how crossing over and independent assortment result in genetically different offspring
____________________________________________________________________________________
VOCABULARY
Meiosis:
Instructions:
There are 10 phases of Meiosis. Your work packet includes a chart with all ten phases.
1. Diagram all ten phases
2. Write a description of the phase next to it
3. Label each page “Meiosis I” or “Meiosis II”
Standard 6: Cellular Reproduction, L. Huth14
Standard 6: Cellular Reproduction, L. Huth15
Standard 6: Cellular Reproduction, L. Huth16
Critical Thinking Questions
Imagine that sex cells divided by mitosis instead of meiosis. What would the result be?
A. The formation of two identical cells
B. The new individual would be identical to only one parent
C. Fertilization would cause crossing over and recombination of genes
D. Cells of the new individual would have double the necessary number of chromosomes
Which statement explains why half of an individual’s DNA sequence comes from each parent?
A. A cell from one parent undergoes meiosis producing offspring cells that have both parent’s DNA.
B. A cell from one parent undergoes mitotic cell division, producing offspring cells that have only half of
that parent’s DNA.
C. Cells in the parents undergo meiosis, producing haploid gametes that meet up during fertilization to
produce a diploid individual.
Meiosis is the form of cell division that produces gametes. Which of the following statements
correctly describes gametes?
A. In spermatogenesis, eight sperm cells are produced
B. Eggs are diploid and, when fertilized, give rise to haploid cells
C. In the formation of eggs, four identical haploid cells are produced
D. In oogenesis, the cytoplasm divides unequally, producing an ovum and three smaller polar bodies
Cells and the organisms they make up reproduce through cell division. Some organisms reproduce
through mitosis, while others reproduce through meiosis and fertilization. What advantage does
meiosis give to organisms that reproduce sexually?
A. Meiosis ensures that offspring inherit genes from their parents.
B. Meiosis ensures that offspring will not inherit any genetic disorders.
C. Meiosis ensures that offspring are genetically different from their parents.
Crossing over contributes to the recombination of genetic material in offspring. When does crossing
over happen in meiosis?
Prophase I
Prophase II
Metaphase I
Metaphase II