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Roosevelt • Major Issues – Pacific • Russo Japanese War • Great White Fleet – Latin America • • • • • Venezuela Roosevelt Corollary Dominican Republic Panama Canal Colombia Russo-Japanese War 1904 • Cause – Land Dispute – Roosevelt asked to mediate peace – Hopes to ensure American trade interests in Asia • Effects – Russian Navy Destroyed – Japan becomes Pacific Naval Power Venezuela Crisis 1902 • Problem – Ven. Unable to repay loans to Europe – Germans and Brits blockade Ven. and partially destroy navy. • Solution – U.S. Threatens military support – Acts as arbitrator to negotiate an agreement – Leads to Roosevelt Corollary The Roosevelt Corollary • Problem: – Latin American countries borrow large amounts of number – Many unable to pay back debt – U.S. want to keep Europe out • Solution – Roosevelt Corollary • Highlights U.S. right to intervene in Latin America – Extension of the Monroe Doctrine The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1905 Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power . Dominican Republic • Problem – D.R. owes $22 million to Europe • Solution – U.S. takes control of D.R. trade and pays back some of the debt to Europe Speak Softly, But Carry a Big Stick! • Originally French Idea • French abandon construction due to hazard conditions (40% complete) • Panama owned by Colombia • Roosevelt promises military support toward Panamanian Revolution in which they gained independence Panama Canal Taft • “Dollar Diplomacy” – President Taft issued new policy – Send money not Troops • Goal: – Encourage American Businessmen to loan $ to Latin America Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy” Encourage American Businesses to invest in Latin America Prevents these countries from barrowing from Europe Nicaragua (1909-1919) • Given US money to help fund banks and railroads – US ended up owning banks and railroads – This angers Nicaraguans – US remains for 10 years Wilson “Moral Diplomacy” Idealism Similar to his domestic policy Treat foreign nations kindly The U. S. claimed to: Promote peace. Condemn colonialism Realism Only support countries with Democratic Governments (or that benefited the interests of Americans) Uses similar tactics as Roosevelt and and Taft • Dominican Republic (1916 – 1924) – Installs Military government • Haiti (1915-1934) – Military Occupation – Creates new Haitian Constitution • Virgin Islands (1918) – Purchased from Netherlands to prevent Germany from doing so first Wilson Mexican Rebellion • Mexican Revolution – After a series of power exchanges, the Mexican dictator, Francisco Madero is assassinated – Woodrow Wilson refuses to recognize “Government of Butchers” • American Involvement – After years of tension, a small naval confrontation convinces Wilson to send troops to seize Mexican port at Veracruz • 126 Mexicans Killed – Wilson initially backs Pancho Villa to take over leadership but quickly changes his opinion – Recognized Villa’s rival instead • Pancho Villa Raids – Kills 16 Americans in Northern Mexico – Kills 14 Americans in New Mexico Francisco “Pancho” Villa The Chase for “Pancho” • Wilson sent 15,000 under Gen. John Pershing to capture or kill Pancho Villa • Mexicans upset at US invasion • June 1916: Mexican army and US troops fought with deaths on both sides • 1917: US ordered troops home due to World War I – Never caught Pancho Villa Gen. John Pershing U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920s Our “Sphere of Influence” Resources Chris Balga – Hickory Ridge HS, NC Darryl Wells- Hickory Ridge HS, NC Susan M. Pojer – Horace Greeley HS, NY