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PERIOD 3 REVIEW Brilliant American general who invaded Canada, foiled Burgoyne’s invasion, then betrayed his country in 1780 Benedict Arnold Shrewd and calculated American diplomat who forged the alliance with France and later secured a generous peace treaty Benjamin Franklin The decisive early battle of the Revolution that led to an alliance with France Saratoga A wealthy Virginian of great character and leadership abilities who served his country without pay George Washington The British defeat that led to the end of the war Yorktown A radical British immigrant who put an end to American support of King George Thomas Paine Inspired universal awareness of the American Revolution as a fight for the belief that “all men are created equal” Declaration of Independence • Stirred growing colonial support for declaring independence from Britain Common Sense TRUE OR FALSE • The American Revolution created a substantial, though not radical, push in the direction of social and political equality. True The movement toward the separation of church and state in America was greatly accelerated by the disestablishment of the Anglican church in Virginia. True • The Revolutionary ideal of republican motherhood emphasized the central role of women in raising selfless, virtuous citizens necessary to sustain self-government True Speculation, profiteering, and inflation weakened the economy and spurred social discontent during the years of rule under the Articles of Confederation. True The greatest failure of the national government, under the Articles of Confederation, was its inability to deal with the issue of western lands. False. Handling the western lands was the greatest and almost only success of the national government under the Articles of Confederation The US Congress, under the Articles of Confederation, was extremely weak because it had no power to regulate commerce or impose taxes on the states. True The Northwest Ordinance established the western territories as permanent colonies of the federal government. False. The ordinance set up an orderly process by which territories could become states, with a status equal to the original thirteen Shays’s Rebellion significantly strengthened the movement for a stronger central government by raising fears that the United States was falling into anarchy and mob rule. True • The states sent delegates to Philadelphia in 1787 for the purpose of discarding the Articles of Confederation and writing a new Constitution with a strong central government. False. The original intent was to simply amend the Articles of Confederation The Great Compromise between large and small states resulted in an House of Representatives based on population and a Senate with equal representation True Group that failed to block the idea of a central government but did force the promise of a bill of rights Anti-federalists Original American governmental charter of 1781 that was put out of business by the Constitution Articles of Confederation Father of the Constitution James Madison Young New Yorker who argued for the Constitution even though he favored an even stronger central government Alexander Hamilton True or False The primary forces threatening American national security and unity in the 1790’s were the international wars set off by the French Revolution True Hamilton’s basic purpose in all his financial measures was to strengthen the federal government by building up a larger national debt. True Hamilton financed his large national debt by revenues from tariffs and excise taxes on products such as whiskey. True The first political rebellion against the new United States government was by frontier whiskey distillers who hated Hamilton’s excise tax on alcohol. True Jefferson and his followers turned against the French Revolution when it turned radically violent in the Reign of Terror. False. Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans still defended the French Revolution as regrettable but necessary. President Washington believed that America was so powerful that it could afford to remain neutral in the wars between Britain and France. False. Washington believed that the United States was so weak that it had to remain neutral in order to remain independent. The Alien laws were a reasonable Federalist attempt to limit uncontrolled immigration into the United States and prevent French revolutionaries from weakening American national security. False. The Alien Acts were extreme measures that reflected public fears of foreigners and Federalist political interests. A protest by poor western farmers that was firmly suppressed by Washington and Hamilton Whiskey Rebellion Body organized by the Judiciary Act of 1789 and first headed by John Jay Supreme Court The second president of the United States, whose Federalist enemies and political weaknesses undermined his administration John Adams Institution established by Hamilton to create a stable currency and bitterly opposed by states’ rights advocates Bank of the United States General Anthony Wayne’s victory over the Miami Indians that brought the Ohio territory under American control Battle of Fallen Timbers Message telling Americans to avoid unnecessary foreign entanglements—a reflection of the foreign policy of its author Washington’s farewell address Secret code name for three French agents who attempted to extract bribes from American diplomats in 1797 X, Y, Z