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Classification All Living Things Share Common Characteristics 1.All living things are made of Cells 2.They all Reproduce 3.All are Based On Universal Genetic Code (DNA) 4.Grow & Develop 5.Obtain & Use Energy All Living Things Share Common Characteristics 6.Respond to their environment 7.Maintain a stable internal conditions – HOMEOSTASIS 8.AS A GROUP, living things Evolve or Change over time Organisms are grouped by their cell structure • Prokaryotes –DO NOT have a • nucleus or membranebound organelles Eukaryotes These cells DO have a nucleus and membranebound organelles – Organisms are Grouped by their Number of Cells • Unicellular Organisms –Living Organism Made Up Of One Cell (singlecelled) • Multicellular Organisms –Living Organism Made Up Of Many, Specialized Cells Food Requirements •Autotrophs are organisms that can make their own food Food Requirements •Heterotrophs can NOT make their own food • They must consume other organisms to get energy Linnaean System of Classification • Linnaeus introduced the system of classification used today. What is Classification? Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Why Classify & Use Scientific Names •organisms Accurately & uniformly names •common Prevents confusion found in names: –really starfish & jellyfish that aren't fish •all Uses same language (Latin) for names Sea”horse”?? Standardized Naming •Binomial nomenclature is the system used for naming organisms. two Name Bi nomial Naming Nomen system clature •Scientific Name consists of the Genus and the species •Rules for writing a scientific name correctly: –Capitalize genus, but NOT species –In italics when typed –Underline when written Binomial Nomenclature Dichotomous Key • Used to identify organisms • Characteristics given in pairs • Read both characteristics • Choose “either/or” for the characteristic the organism has • go to another set of characteristics OR identify the organism Example of Dichotomous Key 1a 1b 2a 2b 3a 3b 4a 4b Tentacles present – Go to 2 Tentacles absent – Go to 3 Eight Tentacles – Octopus More than 8 tentacles – 3 Tentacles hang down – go to 4 Tentacles upright–Sea Anemone Balloon-shaped body–Jellyfish Body NOT balloon-shaped - 5
