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Collection 1 Notes
“Culture and Belonging”
Plot
 Most fiction contains a plot, a series of events that occur in
stages of development.
 Most plots focus on a conflict, or a problem faced by the main
character
 When analyzing plot, examine the way events and actions in
each stage increase or help to resolve the conflict.
Plot
 The five stages of plot =
 Exposition: introduction of characters, setting, conflict
 Rising Action: character takes steps to solve the problem, even
while complications might be introduced
 Climax: point of greatest tension in the story, in which the
conflict begins to be resolved
 Falling Action: effects of climax become clear
 Resolution: end of the story reveals the final outcome
Character
 Characters = people, animals, or imaginary figures who take
part in the action of a story
 Characterization = the way an author reveals the traits and
personality of the characters
 Authors reveal characters by




Describing what a character looks like
Having a narrator make direct comments about him or her
Presenting the character’s thoughts, speech and actions
Presenting other characters’ thoughts, speech and actions
 Characters’ speech is revealed in dialogue, the written convo
between 2+ people in a story.
Context Clues
 Context = made of punctuation marks, words, sentences, and
paragraphs that surround a word
 When encountering an unfamiliar word, its context may
provide you with clues that can help understand the word’s
meaning
 EXAMPLE: “Mr. Walsh, the vice-principal, came into our
class. He whispered something to Ms. Coe and she nodded.
And then I was stunned because she nodded and pointed at
me!
 From the context clues, you can figure out that “stunned”
describes how Maya feels. The ! at the end suggests that she did
not expect the principal would call her out of class. Feeling
stunned probably means ”to feel surprised or shocked.”
Imperative Mood
 Mood of a verb = refers to the manner in which the action or
state of being expressed
 Imperative mood: verb in this mood when it is part of a
command or request in an imperative sentence
 With imperative, the subject is always implied or understood
to be “you”
Imperative Mood
Understood Subject
Command or request?
Do your homework.
(You) do your homework.
command
Please help me get this
done.
(You) please help me get
this done.
request
Summary
 Summary = brief retelling of the most important events in a story’s
plot in one’s own words
 Summaries are much shorter than the actual story because they do
not include minor details, characters or events.
 Events that do not lead to the resolution of the conflict need not go in
the summary
 Summaries include:
 Story title and its author
 Main characters and the conflict they face
 The key events that propel the action as the characters try to resolve
the conflict
 The climax (turning point) in the story
 The resolution of the conflict and the ending of the story
Central Idea and Details
 Central idea of an essay is the main point that the author
wants to communicate to readers.
 Sometimes an author may state his or her central idea
directly.
 Often, though, readers must figure it out based on what the
author has written.
 To determine the central idea of a text:
 Who or what does the author tell most about?
 What does the author seem to think about that person or thing?
 What overall idea do the details in the selection support?
Central Idea and Details
 Supporting details = the facts, opinions, examples and
anecdotes that the author provides to make his or her point
 EXAMPLES
Fact
“My friends are in New
York. My teachers are in
New York. The Mets are
in New York.”
Opinion
“Despite having been
raised in the United
States, I have no special
love for this country.”
Anecdote
The author describes
watching the World Cup
soccer match between
Haiti and Italy.
Personal Essay
 A personal essay is a short work of nonfiction in which an
author expresses an opinion or provides insight based on
personal experiences.
 By connecting a topic to his or her own life, authors can make
others more aware of it.
 An author may use chronological order, or describe a
sequence of events in time order.
 Telling things in chronological order is an easy way to help
readers understand how the ideas in an essay are connected.
Glossary Usage
 Glossary = list of specialized terms and their definitions
 When a printed book contains a glossary, words are listed in
the back of the book in alphabetical order.
 An electronic glossary allows readers to click on a word in a
text to see its definition and hears its pronunciation
 EXAMPLE
part of speech
natal (nāt ‘ l) adj. If something is natal, it relates to birth.
Entry word
pronunciation
definition
Participles
 Verb usually shows action
 Verbal = a word that is formed from a verb, but is used as a
noun, adjective, or adverb
 Noun = person, place, thing, idea
 Adjective = describes noun or pronoun
 Adverb = describes a verb
 Participle = a verbal that is used as an adjective to
describe/modify a noun
 Participles are used to help create vivid descriptions
Participles
 Present participle ends in –ing
EX/
The deafening cheers shook the stadium.
 Past participle ends in –d, -ed or –en
EX/
The disgraced regime comes to an end.
 A participle can come before or after the noun or pronoun
that is modifies/describes.
 BEFORE:
The fallen dictator flees the country.
 AFTER: Haitians, smiling, celebrated in New York.
Determining Author’s Purpose
 Authors generally write for one or more purposes, or
reasons.
 Pay attention to the title and topic of a piece to help point to
author purpose, as well as clues in the text that will help to
determine author’s purpose.
Purpose
Clues
To inform
Facts and statistics
To persuade
Opinions, evidence, appeals to emotion, calls to
action
To entertain
Amusing situations or characters; humorous
details
To express thoughts or feelings
Personal feelings, descriptions or observations
Nonfiction Elements
 Text features are design elements such as headings,
subheadings, and graphs that authors use to organize
information, identify key ideas, and help guide readers
through a text.
 Various types of text features are used for different purposes.
 Heading = title of a text (ex/ A Place to Call Home)
 Subtitle = an additional part of a title that may tell more
about what the piece is about (ex/ What Immigrants Say
Now About Life in America)
Nonfiction Elements
 Subheadings = headings within the text that introduce a new
topic or section; usually larger, darker or more colorful than
regular text (ex/ Part 1: The Right Move)
 Bulleted List = a list of related and equally important points
or ideas
 Graphic Aids = information transmitted visually by a graph,
chart, diagram, photograph or other visuals
Nonfiction Elements
 Graphs = used to illustrate statistical information, specifically
helpful in showing numerical relationships
 Circle graph = a circular shape that shows how the parts of
something compare to the whole. The parts of the circle
represent percentages of the whole.
 Bar graph = a graph that uses dark or colored bars to display
amounts or percentages; helpful when showing how things
change over time and include keys (explanations) of how to
read the graph
Greek Prefixes
 Many English words are made from word parts that come
from the Greek language.
 A prefix = word part that is added to the beginning of a base
word or word root.
 Knowing the meaning of a prefix can help a reader figure out
the meaning of a new word.
 EXAMPLE:
Telecommunications
Greek prefix tele- means “distance”
So, telecommunications =
“electronic communication over a distance”
Greek Prefixes Practice (p52)
Word
Meaning
TELECONFERENCE
A conference held over a distance among people in
different locations
TELEMARKETER
Someone who sells items during phone calls
TELEVISE
To broadcast something on television
TELESCOPE
A device for looking at distant objects
TELEPHOTO
A device for producing a large image of a distant object
Imagery & Figurative Langauge
 Imagery = descriptions that appeal to the senses of sight,
sound, smell, feeling, or taste to create an effect or evoke
emotion
 Figurative Language = words and phrases that suggest
meaning beyond the literal meanings of words themselves
 Certain types of figurative language, such as similes and
metaphors, can create comparisons between ideas that are
otherwise unconnected
Imagery & Figurative Language
Definition
Example
Effect
Imagery
Vivid descriptions
that appeal to one or
more of readers’ 5
senses
“…the scents of
jasmine rice and fish
steamed with ginger
mingled heavily with
the scent of freshly
baked pepperoni
pizza.”
The scents suggest the
mixing of Hmong and
American cultures.
Simile
A comparison of two
unlike things using
the words like, as, as if
“I could hear the
pounding of my heart
in my ears very loud
and deep, like a
hollow cry from my
chest.”
The comparison
suggest the author’s
pain and implies a
warning that is
serious.
Metaphor
A comparison
between two unlike
things without the use
of like or as
“We sank our roots
deep in the land, took
stake in the
ground…”
Comparing the family
to plants shows their
strong desire to be
part of America.
Memoir
 Memoir = true story of a person’s life that focuses on
personal experiences and observations about people or
events.
 Memoirs often give readers insight into the impact of
historical events on people’s lives.
 EXAMPLE = The Latehomecomer
 Yang shares her insights by making comparisons between
people or things she knows best and new ideas or feelings, such
as Hmong refugees seeking citizenship by comparing Hmong
children born in the United States.
Latin Prefixes
 Remember, a prefix adds to the beginning of a word part and
can provide clues about the meaning of a word
 EXAMPLE: Latin prefix re- means “again” or “back”
So, “reinvent” is to invent oneself again, or have a new beginning
 When encountering an unfamiliar world:
 Look for familiar word parts, such as prefixes.
 Identify the meaning of the prefix.
 Apply the meaning to define the word.
Active and Passive Voice
 The voice of a verb = shows whether its subject performs or receives the
action expressed by the verb
 When the subject performs the verb’s action = active voice verb
 When the subject receives the action of the verb = passive voice verb
(((FORMULA = “to be” + past tense)))
Definition
Examples
Use to…
Active Voice
Shows that a subject
performs an action
I walk.
She walked.
Emphasize the
subject and keep
writing lively
Passive Voice
Shows that a subject is
acted upon and uses “to
be” helping verbs (am, is,
are, was, were, will be)
The dog is walked
Emphasize the
action and show
that the doer is
unknown or
unimportant
Active and Passive Voice
P70 Practice
1. The people of Laos were affected by the Vietnam War.
2. The war changed their country and their lives forever.
3. New leaders took harsh actions against the Hmong people.
4. The Hmong were uprooted from their homes by the war and
its aftermath.
Evaluating Sources
 To consider a source useful, one must determine if it is credible. If a
source is credible, it means it’s trustworthy.
 Credible Internet sources often end in .org, .gov, .edu
 Reference sources, such as dictionaries, encyclopedias, atlases, and
almanacs, are examples of credible sources.
 Many newspapers and magazines are credible when looking at the
news articles, not the commentaries or editorials (these are opinionbased).
 Credible sources are those that are written by people who have
expertise and knowledge with the topic.
 Not credible = blogs, social media forums, etc.
Documentary
 Documentary = nonfiction film that presents, or documents,
information about people or events.
 Purpose = the intent for which it is made: to inform, entertain,
persuade, or express the feelings or opinions of the
documentarian
 Uses visual and sound techniques to present information in a
way that meets their purpose and appeals to viewers
Documentary
 Techniques:
 Voice-over: the voice of an unseen commentator or narrator. The
narrator explains or clarifies images or scenes shown on film and
provides important new information.
 Stills: images that are motionless, such as illustrations or
photographs. Documentaries are mainly of moving images but
often include stills to add detail to the documentary’s topic.
 Animation: the process of creating images that appear to move
and seem alive
Documentary
 Documentaries usually have a motive, or underlying reason
for telling their story.
 The motive is why they feel the story is worth telling, and in
telling it, they want to convey certain insights or angles on the
subject.
Motive
How motive is revealed
Social
Focus is on the interaction of people or on changing behaviors or
attitudes
Commercial
Focus is on a product and encouraging viewers to buy it
Political
Focus is on support or opposition to government or laws
Documentary
 To evaluate a documentary, examine the film’s techniques and
content to judge its value or worth.





What is the filmmaker’s motive for making the film?
How is the motive revealed?
What techniques caught my interest?
What made the techniques effective?
What is the main message of the film?
Imagery & Allusions
 Each word in a poem contributes to its overall meaning and
effect.
 Imagery helps to create meaning in poems.
 Imagery = descriptions that appeal to the senses of sight,
sound, smell, taste, and touch
 Allusions also help to create meaning in poetry.
 Allusions = references to a famous person, place, event or
work of literature
Making Inferences
 To make an inference about a poem, a reader must combine
clues from the text with personal knowledge and experience of
the world to make educated guesses about meaning.
 Making inferences = “reading between the lines”
 Speaker of a poem is the voice that talks to the reader
Lyric Poems
 Lyric poem = poem that expresses the personal thoughts and
feelings of a speaker
 The speaker of a lyric poem may be the poet or someone else
who is responding to an experience.
 Pay attention to details that reveal the speaker.
Poetry Forms
 Form of a poem = the way the poem is laid out on the page
 Most poems are made up of lines and stanzas.
 Line = the core unit of a poem
 Stanza = group of 2+ lines
 Line break = the place where a line ends
 Free verse = poetry that does not follow regular patterns of
rhyme or rhythm, with lines flowing more naturally to achieve
a rhythm that is more like that of everyday language
Poetry Forms
 Line length is an essential element of a poem’s meaning:
 Line breaks do not always signal the end of a sentence or thought
 A line break can occur in the middle of a sentence or phrase to
create a meaningful pause or emphasis
 Poets use a variety of line breaks to convey a wide range of
effects, such as pace, mood, rhythm and tone
 Pace = how fast or slow a poem is read; short sentences speed up
the pace of a poem (longer sentences slow it down)
 Mood = the feeling or atmosphere that the poet creates for the
reader
 Rhythm = a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of
poetry; brings out the musical quality of language, emphasizes
ideas, and creates mood
 Tone = expresses the speaker’s attitude toward his/her subject
August 29th
 Copy notes onto vocab page, using page 2 of your
textbook.
 Work on the vocab assignment
 OR work on chapter 1
 OR read your SSR book quietly
August
th
30
Group Tasks
 Group 1 (Mrs. Tice)
 Topic Sentence Practice
 Read “My Favorite Chaperone” (pp3-26)
 Group 2
 Read “My Favorite Chaperone” in your textbook (pp3-26)
 Group 3




Finish reading “My Favorite Chaperone,” if needed.
Complete M.U.G. #2 (10 errors total)
Work on vocab assignment
Work on novel study chapter 1 assignment
August
st
31
Group Tasks
 Group 1 (Mrs. Tice)
 Paragraph Structure – Group Practice
 Group 2
 Analysis Q?s for “Chaperone” – page 28, #s1 - 7
 Group 3




Finish p28 Q?s, if needed.
Complete M.U.G. #3 (10 errors total)
Work on vocab assignment
Work on novel study chapter 1 assignment
Study Island Log-In
Username:
first initial + last name @DASD
jsmith@DASD
Password: student number
Reader’s Notebook Set-Up
1st Page:
Name
Class Period
2016-2017
Reader’s Workshop
Reader’s Notebook Set-Up
2nd Page:
Unknown Vocabulary
***Then count ahead 5 pages and wait for further
instructions.
Reader’s Notebook Set-Up
7th Page:
Unique Lines
***Then count ahead 5 pages and wait for further
instructions.
Reader’s Notebook Set-Up
12th Page:
“Caught It” Grammar Examples
***Then flip to the next page and wait for further
instructions.
Reader’s Notebook Set-Up
13th Page:
Entry Format
Date
Text Source Title and Author
Notebook Entry Topic
Response (minimum 4-6 paragraph)
4-5 Lines of spacing for commentary from Mrs. Tice or peer
Reader’s Notebook Entry
Topic = Plot Conflict
In the piece, there are several conflicts that connect to
the overall main conflict of the story. Discuss these
and their impact on the plot line of the story.
10% “Refugees”
Section 1: 152 words
Section 2: 144 words
Section 3: 220
Section 4: 215 words
Tuesday, September
th
6
 Group 1 (Mrs. Tice):
 Practice on Paragraph Coherency
 Group 2:
 Read “Golden Glass” in your Close Reader (pp3-8)
 Group 3:





Finish “Golden Glass”
Chapter 2 of novel study (read and Q?s)
Vocab assignment
Study vocab words
MUG 6
Coherency Practice
Paragraph
The rear of the car lifted up into the air for a
moment and then it thumped down with a muddy
splash. Then it moved around the side of the car. At
the back the animal snorted, a deep rumbling growl
that blended with the thunder. The big raised tail
blocked their view out of all the side windows. It sank
its jaws into the spare tire mounted on the back of the
Land Cruiser and, in a single head shake, tore it away.
Reader’s Notebook Entry
Summarize Sean’s situation in Hero so far. Make sure
to identify the following:
 Exposition (back info, protagonist, setting)
 Conflict
 Rising Action events (from chapters 1 and 2)
Reader’s Notebook
Commentary
1. Read the entry.
2. Write your name under the notebook entry.
3. Ask your partner a question about Sean’s situation.
4. Give the notebook back to its owner.
5. Respond to the Q? in your notebook, and provide a
prediction as to how you think the plot will move
forward in the novel, starting with where you left
off reading in it.
Friday, September
th
9
 Group 1 (Mrs. Tice)
 Check-in grade for “Golden Glass”
 Review “GG”
 Groups 2 & 3
Read “Bonne Annee” (pp31-36) THIS IS FIRST
Complete Q?s 1-7 on page 38 THIS IS SECOND
MUG #9
Novel study chapter 3 assignment
Reader’s Workshop Notebook Sections – do you have
anything to put in them?
 10% Section 2





Monday, September
th
12
 Group 1 (Mrs. Tice)
 Critical Vocab – p39
 Group 2
 Work time on Performance Task on p38
 Group 3




Close Reader “What to Bring” pp9-12
MUG #10
Novel study chapter 3 assignment
Reader’s Workshop Notebook Sections – do you have
anything to put in them?
Tuesday, September
th
13
 Group 1 (Mrs. Tice)
 Participles practice – p40
 Group 2
 Work time on Performance Task on p38 (DUE TOMORROW)
 Group 3





Performance Task Poster on p38 (due tomorrow)
Close Reader “What to Bring” pp9-12 (due Friday)
MUG #11 (due tomorrow)
Novel study chapter 3 assignment (due Thursday)
Reader’s Workshop Notebook Sections – do you have anything
to put in them? (have to have 10 per section by end of mp!)
Wednesday, September
14th
 All Groups
Read “A Place to Call Home” (pp41-49) THIS FIRST
Did you turn in your p38 Performance Task Poster??? 2nd
MUG #12 (due tomorrow)
Novel study chapter 3 assignment (due tomorrow)
Reader’s Workshop Notebook Sections – do you have anything
to put in them – grammar, quotations, unknown words? (have
to have 10 per section by end of mp!)
 Close Reader “What to Bring” pp9-12 (due Friday)





Thursday, September
th
15
 Group 1
 Check-in with chapter 3 Q?s, if you didn’t already
 POP QUIZ!
 Group 2
 P51 Q?s 1 - 6
 Group 3





Do you owe me work? If so, do it now.
MUG #13 (due tomorrow)
Close Reader “What to Bring” pp9-12 (due TOMORROW)
Novel study chapter 4 assignment (due Thursday)
Reader’s Workshop Notebook Sections – do you have anything to put
in them – grammar, quotations, unknown words? (have to have 10 per
section by end of mp!)
Wednesday, September
21st
 ALL: Read 2nd reading of The Latehomecomer excerpt
 Group 1
 Critical Vocab – p69
 Group 2
 P68 Q?s 1 - 7
 Group 3





Do you owe me work? If so, do it now.
MUG #17 (due tomorrow)
Close Reader “Museum Indians” pp13-18 (due Friday)
Novel study chapter 4 assignment (due TOMORROW)
Reader’s Workshop Notebook Sections – do you have anything to put in
them – grammar, quotations, unknown words? (have to have 10 per
section by end of mp!)
Thursday, September
nd
22
 Group 1
 Hero chapter 4 check-in
 Active/Passive practice 2.0
 Group 2
 P68 Q?s 1 – 7 – finish
 Begin any group 3 tasks
 Group 3





Do you owe me work? If so, do it now.
MUG #18 (due tomorrow)
Close Reader “Museum Indians” pp13-18 (due tomorrow)
Novel study chapter 5 assignment (due Thursday)
Reader’s Workshop Notebook Sections – do you have anything to put
in them – grammar, quotations, unknown words? (have to have 10 per
section by end of mp!)
Reader’s Notebook Entry
Discuss how The Latehomecomer classifies
as a memoir. Don’t forget to provide
examples!
MAKE SURE YOU SET UP YOUR ENTRY
WITH THE PROPER ELEMENTS BEFORE
YOUR RESPONSE!
Monday, September
th
26
 Group 1
 Review “Museum Indians” 13-18
 Group 2
 “New Immigrants” 1-6 on p74
 Group 3





Do you owe me work? If so, do it now.
Finish Group 2 Q?s, if needed.
Work on C1 Study Guide.
Novel study chapter 5 assignment (due Thursday)
Reader’s Workshop Notebook Sections – do you have anything to put
in them – grammar, quotations, unknown words? (have to have 10 per
section by end of mp!)
Active/Passive Practice
1.
The limb snagged the horse’s bridle.
2.
The small child poked the clown’s nose.
3.
The Christmas presents were hid too well by Mother.
4.
The truck quickly burned gasoline.
5.
The garbage will be picked up by the sanitation crew on Tuesday.
6.
The Ravens’ Super Bowl win was celebrated by the Baltimore fans.
7.
The steaks were grilled perfectly by the chef.
8.
Bill invited us to the party.
9.
The bloodhounds chased the fox.
10. The verdict was reached by the jury in the trial.
Tuesday, September
th
27
 Group 1
 Study Guide for C1 Test
 Group 2
 “PowWow” analysis Q?s  #1-6 on p74
 Group 3





Do you owe me work? If so, do it now.
Finish Group 2 Q?s, if needed.
Work on C1 Study Guide.
Novel study chapter 5 assignment (due Thursday)
Reader’s Workshop Notebook Sections – do you have anything to put
in them – grammar, quotations, unknown words? (have to have 10 per
section by end of mp!)