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Rowlands 2004 List of “Into,” “Through,” and “Beyond” Activities for Teaching Writing “INTO” Activities Brainstorming Freewriting (focused or unfocused) Mapping Cubing Questioning (purpose, audience, topic) Graphic organizers Burke’s Pentad Journalism’s 5w’s and H “THROUGH” Activities Drafting Applying organizational “patterns” to parts or the whole of a piece - chronological - spatial - analytical o enumeration o part-to-whole o cause and effect o comparison/contrast o definition Audience “testing” (What does my reader know/believe about this topic? What else does he/she need to know? What information/ arguments do I need to help my reader understand my discussion and/or accept my claims?) Purpose “testing” (What am I trying to accomplish with this piece? Am I trying to inform a reader by sharing information or insights? Present a case for a particular reading of a text or course of action? Entertain? Instruct? Something else? Does the content, structure, and tone of my piece fit my purpose?) Revising -cut and paste revision -focus on introduction -focus on conclusion -changing purpose -changing audience Response from outside readers and reshaping based on their comments “BEYOND” Activities Editing -Strong verbs (replace is, am, was, were, be, been, being with action verbs) -Reducing prepositional phrases (replace with adjectives/adverbs) -Parallel structure Publishing -Present for formal evaluation -Peer copies -Post on bulletin board -Class booklets -School publications -Contests -Outside publication