Download The Effects of Exploration

Oct. 5, 2015
Warm Up Review
Notes/discussion over the Atlantic
Slave Trade, Triangular Trade,
and Columbian Exchange.
Exploration Test Oct. 9
Exploration Journal Due Oct. 16
Who was Atahualpa? What
explorer took over Atahualpa’s
empire?
Who was Montezuma II? What
explorer took over Montezuma’s
empire?
The Effects of Exploration
Triangular Trade, Columbian Exchange,
Encomienda System, Atlantic Slave Trade
The Portuguese
 Found little gold in Brazil
 Started farming sugar  $$$
Patterns of Spanish Conquest
 Drew techniques from the Reconquista
 Spanish settlers (peninsulares) were mostly men
 Marriage b/w Native Americans and peninsulares
were common  mestizo (Native American and
Spanish heritage)
 Encomienda System: natives farmed and
ranched and mined for the Spanish landlords who
received rights to the labor from the Spanish
authorities
 Many abused to death
Opposition to Spanish Rule
Spanish priests who worked to spread
Christianity witnessed cruel treatment and
spoke out
Encomienda system was abolished in 1542
Natives also rebelled
 Tainos rebelled against Columbus in the Caribbean
 Natives in New Mexico fought Spanish rule
Discuss
 How did the Portuguese motives for conquest
change once they made it to the New World?
 What area in South America was conquered by the
Portuguese?
 Why would marriages between natives and
Spaniards be encouraged?
 What were the effects of the encomienda system?
What was the encomienda system?
Who were peninsulares?
Who were the mestizo’s?
African Slavery
Needed to resupply labor force – many
Native Americans were dying, running
away
Advantages to Africans:
 Immune to a lot of European diseases
 Had farming experience
 Did not know the land, making escape difficult
Atlantic Slave Trade
 B/w 1500-1600: 300,000 Africans transported to
the Americas
 Reached up to 1.5 million by the next century
 Initially brought them to the Caribbean
 Many African rulers took part in this:
 Originally had sold them to Muslims
 Did not see a difference selling them to Europeans
Discuss
What created the need for African slaves?
Why would Africans have been immune to
European diseases?
Why would African slaves be less likely to
escape?
Triangular Trade
Actual trade route
Named because… it makes a triangle…
Step ONE:
Europeans take goods to Africa
Guns, Ammo, Copper, Cloth
Traded for Slaves
Step TWO: The MIDDLE PASSAGE
Slaves traded in Caribbean for Sugar, Rum
Step THREE
Sugar, Rum, etc. traded back in Europe…
Triangular Trade
Middle
Passage:
Many
Africans
were packed
together in
dark holds
About 20%
died on
journey
Consequences of the Atlantic
Slave Trade
African American families torn apart
Fire arms given to Africans caused issues
Helped make America profitable
Substantial African American populations in
the New World
Discuss
What was Europe sending to Africa?
Africa to the Americas?
Americas to Europe?
What consequences of the slave trade
made the most lasting impact? Why?
Columbian Exchange
 Named after Columbus
 Coined in 1972
 His journey was the first interaction between worlds
 Affected every society on earth
 Most significant item traded?
 Disease
 50-90% of Native Americans wiped out
 #2: Crops
 Maize, Potatoes, Tomatoes
 Columbian Exchange is not a direct trade route
CE is the overall exchange of goods
Columbian Exchange
Discuss
 List 3 things Europe got in the Columbian Exchange.
 The Americas?
 Who got the better end of the deal in the Columbian
Exchange? Why?