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Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Unit 5, Lesson 3 What is Reproduction??? Reproduction is the biological process by which new organisms (offspring) are produced It is a fundamental feature of all known life and every individual organism exists as the result of reproduction There are two main types of reproduction: Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Asexual reproduction occurs when an organism can reproduce without involvement with another organism of that species The offspring will be genetically the same as the parent (a copy) because there is no genetic material from another individual Most organisms that reproduce asexually are simple Some examples include: Bacteria Single-Celled Organisms Fungus Starfish How do organisms reproduce asexually? Prokaryotes: Binary Fission Eukaryotes: Budding Buds are developed on the body and grows until it forms a new organism that is genetically identical to the parent Prokaryotes AND Eukaryotes: Spores Are light (weight) and can be carried by the wind Vegetative Reproduction Some new plants can grow from stems, roots, or leaves. Sexual Reproduction Sexual reproduction is the creation of an offspring by combining the genetic material of two organisms The offspring that is created inherits genetic material from each parent and is genetically different from both parents Sexual reproduction is the primary method of reproduction for the majority of animals and plants It is believed that sexual reproduction evolved so that organisms could rapidly respond to changing environments and compete for limited resources Advantages of each type of reproduction Asexual Reproduction can occur quickly Offspring are identical to the parent- favorable traits are automatically inherited No need to find a partner All offspring – not just females- are able to produce more offspring Sexual Increases genetic variation Different traits are inherited to increase chance that some will survive Offspring are not identical to parent- so they might get a trait that the parent does not have making them more likely to survive Advantages of using BOTH Some organisms can use both typesthere are advantages to this When conditions are favorable, many plants and fungi will produce asexually – they can do this quickly and take over an area When conditions are not favorable, plants will switch to sexual reproduction so they can have a chance for their species to survive With sexual reproduction causing genetic variation- some of the offspring will inherit traits that will help them survive while others will not Discussion Questions Can plants reproduce only Look at this cactus: asexually? No Ex: pollen is a male sex cell What are the possible advantages of asexual reproduction? Explore…. Binary Fission Budding- Yeast lab Spores- Mushroom lab Vegetative Reproduction- Sweet Potato