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AP Biology Mrs. Farish Name ____________________________ CH. 41: Worksheet: Animal Nutrition Complete the table Complete the following table by naming the organs described. Organ Main Functions Mechanically breaks down food, mixes it with saliva Moistens food; start polysaccharide breakdown; buffer acidic foods in mouth Stores, mixes, dissolves food; kills many microorganisms; starts protein breakdown; empties in a controlled way Digests and absorbs most nutrients Produces enzymes that break down all major food molecules; produces buffers against hydrochloric acid from stomach; secretes bicarbonate Secretes bile for fat emulsification; plays role in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism Stores, concentrates bile Stores, concentrates undigested matter by absorbing water and salts Controls expulsion of undigested and unabsorbed residues from end of gut Fill – in –the- Blanks Saliva contains an enzyme, ________________ ________________ that breaks down starch. ConTractions force the larynx against a cartilaginous flap called the ________________, which closes off the trachea. The ________________ is a muscular tube that propels food to the stomach. Any alternating progressions of contracting and relaxing muscle movements along the length of a tube is known as ________________. ________________is an enzyme that works in the stomach to begin to breakdown proteins. Carbohydrates include sugars, and ________________. If these foods are chewed thoroughly, ________________ ________________ in the mouth digests to the ________________ level. (double level) Because no carbohydrate digestions occurs in the ________________, if you gulped down your Carbohydrates, digestion will begin in the ________________ ________________, where ________________ produced by the pancreas would do what should have been done in the mouth. Digestion of disaccharides to monosaccharides also occurs in the________________ ______________. The enzymes responsible are ________________with names such as sucrase, lactase, and maltase. Proteins digestions begins in the ________________ by ________________secreted by the lining of the stomach. Protein digestion is completed in the ________________ ________________ by enzymes know as trypsin and chymotrypsin produced by the ________________. ________________, produced by the pancreas but acting in the ________________ _____________ brakes down fat. ________________, which is secreted by the liver, stored in the ______________, and does not contain digestive enzymes, emulsifies any fat globule it contacts (converts it into small droplets coated with bile salts), thereby increasing the surface area of the substrate upon which ________________ can act. ________________ are made in the pancreas, but convert DNA and RNA into nucleotides in the small intestine. Nutrients are mostly digested and absorbed in the ________________ ________________.