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PUBERTY Puberty When your body begins to change and develop PHYSICAL CHANGES IN THE BODY DURING PUBERTY MALE FEMALE Voice Deepens Acne Develops Shoulders Broaden Pubic Hair Facial Hair Formation of Sperm Muscle Mass Increases Nocturnal Emissions (wet dream) Acne Develops Pubic Hair Grows Breasts Develop Hips Widen Menstrual Cycle Begins Height and Weight Increases Formation of Egg FACTS ABOUT MALES Males have no sperm in their testes when they are born and do not produce any until they reach puberty The average age that sperm production begins (spermarche) is approximately 12 years old Boys produce sperm in astonishing quantities – there are between 30 and 500 million sperm in the typical male ejaculation, which means they produce millions of sperm everyday MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Urethra- the duct by which urine is transported out of the body from the bladder. In males, it is also used to transport semen. Sperm- The male reproductive cell. Testes/Testicles- two oval organs that produce sperm in males, enclosed in the scrotum behind the penis. Penis- the male reproductive organ. Scrotum- a pouch of skin containing the testicles. Vas Deferens- the duct that transports sperm from the testicle to the urethra. FACTS ABOUT FEMALES Women are born with about 400,000 immature eggs (follicles) in each ovary Once a girl reaches her first menstrual period (menarche) one follicle develops into a mature egg (ovum) about every 28 days Females release about 400 eggs over the course of their reproductive lives FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Ovary- the female reproductive organ in which ova or eggs are produced. Eggs/ova/ovum- a mature female reproductive cell that can divide to give rise to an embryo usually only after fertilization by a male cell. Uterus- the organ in which offspring are conceived and in which they grow before birth; the womb. Fallopian tubes- a pair of tubes in which eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus. Vagina- the muscular canal leading from the external genitals to the cervix of the uterus in females. ONCE YOU REACH PUBERTY SPERM PRODUCTION A healthy male adult makes millions of sperm each day. Sperm are carried through the Vas Deferens to the Urethra which runs through the Penis. M E N ST RUAT IO N Is the monthly breakdown and shedding of the uterine lining. The menstrual cycle lasts about 28 days. Cycles can vary in length from month to month but usually become more regular as you get older. CARING FOR THE BODY MALE Practice and Maintain good hygiene by: Washing regularly Wearing clothing that is both clean and not too tight. Practice abstinence from sexual activity. FEMALE Practice and Maintain good hygiene by: Washing regularly Keep clothing clean and not overly tight. Practice abstinence from sexual activity. See a doctor yearly (Gynecologistdoctor that specializes in the female reproductive system) Practice good hygiene with your menstrual cycle. BEFORE YOU WERE BORN Fertilization- The process of 1 sperm and 1 egg coming together to form a new human cell. Embryo- First 2 months of pregnancy. Fetus- 2 months after fertilization the developing human is called a fetus. Last 7 months of pregnancy. STAGES OF LIFE Infancy- Time between birth and 1 year. Childhood- The 3 stages after infancy known as: Early Childhood- 1 to 3 years of age. Middle Childhood- 3- to 5 years of age. Late Childhood- 6 to 11 years of age. STAGES OF LIFE Adolescence- the stage of development during which humans grow from childhood to adulthood. Adulthood- The period of life that follows adolescence. 18 years of age to death. IMPORTANT HORMONES DURING ADOLESCENCE Hormone- a chemical that is made in one part of the body and causes a change in a different part of the body. Testosterone: Male sex hormone that controls much of the growth and function of the male body. Estrogen: Female sex hormone that controls much of the growth and function of the female body. Epinephrine- comes from the adrenal gland and produces a feeling of excitement or fear. Heart beats faster and prepares you for fight or flight. MORE HORMONES Human Growth Hormone- comes from the pituitary gland and helps your body grow, causes height and weight growth. Thyroid- a large ductless gland in the neck that secretes hormones regulating growth and development through the rate of metabolism.