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Endocrine System- regulates long-term changes in the body such as growth & development Endocrine gland- produces & releases chemical substances that signal changes in other parts of the body. Hormone- a chemical substance produced by an endocrine gland Endocrine glands include & regulate: *hypothalamus- links the nervous and endocrine system *pituitary gland-controls things such as growth, reproduction and metabolism *thyroid & parathyroid glands- regulates metabolic rate and levels of calcium & phosphorus *thymus gland- helps the immune system develop *adrenal glands- releases hormones to stress and general metabolism *pancreas- regulates sugar levels in blood *reproductive glands- regulates hormones responsible in reproduction Puberty- the period of sexual development during which a person becomes sexually mature and physically able to reproduce Male Reproduction Sperm- male reproductive cells Male reproductive system functions: * to produce sex hormones * to produce and store sperm * to deliver sperm to the female reproductive system Fertilization- when a sperm cell joins with an egg Testes- male reproductive glands Testes produce: * testosterone * sperm Scrotum-sac of skin that holds the testes outside the body Penis- external sexual organ through which sperm leave the body Semen- the mixture of sperm and fluids produced by the glands of the male reproductive system Epididymis- storage house for sperm to fully mature Vas Deferens-the tube that sperm and fluids travel through Seminal vesicles- produces fluid that provides a source of energy for the active sperm Prostate gland- produces a fluid that protects the sperm Bulbourethral glands- produces a lubricating fluid that aids the passage of sperm through the urethra Urethra-tube that carries semen and urine out the male body Ejaculation-the ejection of semen from the penis Infertility-the condition of being unable to reproduce Female Reproduction Ova- the reproductive cells in females; also known as eggs Female reproductive system functions: *to produce sex hormones *to produce eggs *to provide a nourishing environment in which a fertilized egg can develop into a baby Ovaries-the reproductive glands in which eggs are produced Ovulation-releasing of a ripened egg (about once every month) Fallopian tubes- passageways that carry eggs away from the ovaries Uterus-hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ that holds the fetus Vagina-birth canal leading from the uterus to the outside of the body Menstrual cycle-a cycle in which the ovaries mature an egg cell and the reproductive organs prepare for pregnancy Menopause- when the ovaries slow down their hormone production and no longer release mature eggs Pap smear-a sample of cells taken from the cervix and examined under a microscope Mammogram-x-ray of the breast that can help detect breast cancer