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Anatomy and Physiology Semester 2 Exam Study Guide Use this guide to direct your attention toward the information to be covered by the test. 1. What are the male gonads? approximately how long? 2. What is the term for a fertilized egg? 3. Which structures in the testis are the sites of spermatogenesis? 4. Which cells in the testis produce testosterone? 5. Where do maturing sperm gain their ability to swim? 19. What are the secondary sex characteristics typical of males? 20. Where does fertilization occur? 21. The journey of the oocyte through the uterine tubes to the uterus following ovulation normally takes: __________________. 6. How many chromosomes are found in each sperm and ovum? 22. The inner mucosal layer of the uterus that is sloughed off approximately every 28 days is called the: ___________________. 7. About how long does the whole process of spermatogenesis last? 23. The hormone responsible for ovulation is: _________. 8. Where in the female body does fertilization usually occur? 24. The menstrual cycle is _________ days long. 9. What is the most common method of male birth control? 25. For a sperm cell to fertilize an ovum, sexual intercourse must occur no more than __________ hours before ovulation. 10. Name four secondary sex characteristics seen in females after puberty? 11. What is the exocrine function of the male testes? 12. The actual "sperm-forming factories" of the male reproductive system that empty sperm into the rete testes are called the: 26. Many home pregnancy tests assay for __________ within a woman's urine. 27. All the organ systems are laid down, at least in rudimentary form, and the embryo looks distinctly human by the __________ of embryonic development. 17. When does spermatogenesis begin? 28. Parturition is another term for: ________________. 29. The normal period of human gestation is calculated as __________ from the last menstrual period. 30. Irregular uterine contractions called Braxton Hicks are also called ____________. 31. What two hormones initiate labor? 32. The first menstrual period, which usually occurs at approximately age 13, is called: _______________. 33. List and describe the three major stages of the menstrual cycle. 18. The entire process of spermatogenesis takes 34. List and describe the three stages of labor. 13. Maturing sperm gain their ability to swim while in the: 14. Normal healthy semen has an approximate pH level of what? 15. What are the components of sperm? 16. Pregnancy is generally improbable with a sperm count lower than ____________