Download Reproductive System * Outcomes

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Reproductive System – Outcomes
 Identify and locate the main parts of the male and
female reproductive systems.
 Recall the length and parts of the menstrual cycle.
 Discuss fertile period in the menstrual cycle, sexual
intercourse, fertilisation, pregnancy, birth, growth, and
puberty in relation to human reproduction.
 Understand various forms of contraception.
Identify Parts of Female Reproductive
System
by CDC – public domain
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Identify Parts of Female Reproductive
System
Part
ovary
Function
produce eggs
fallopian carry egg to womb
tube
womb /
uterus
cervix
vagina
hold foetus
womb entrance
hold penis during
intercourse, allow
childbirth
Identify Parts of Male Reproductive
System
by Tsaitgaist – CC-BY-SA-3.0
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Identify Parts of Male Reproductive
System
Part
testes
Function
produce sperm
scrotum hold testes
outside body
sperm
duct
carry sperm from
testes to penis
prostate produce fluid to
gland
nourish sperm
penis
deliver sperm to
outside
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Recall the Menstrual Cycle
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Recall the Menstrual Cycle
 The menstrual cycle is ~28 days long on average.
 Menstruation (a.k.a. period), the shedding of the lining of
the uterus, is day zero.
 Ovulation occurs around day 14, when the ovaries
release an egg.
 Ovulation is the most fertile stage of the menstrual cycle.
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Discuss Sexual Intercourse
 In the context of human
reproduction, sexual
intercourse is when a male’s
erect penis is placed inside a
female’s vagina.
 If sperm reach the fallopian
tube during ovulation, this may
result in fertilisation.
 Fertilisation is the fusion of male
and female gametes (sex
cells), resulting in a zygote.
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Discuss Pregnancy
 If fertilisation occurs, the woman may become
pregnant.
 A zygote begins as a single cell, but will divide shortly
after fertilisation.
 A zygote divides into an embryo.
 Implantation occurs if the embryo reaches the uterus
and attaches itself to the lining of the uterus.
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Discuss Pregnancy
 At the implantation site, the
placenta develops.
 Placenta connects the embryo to
the mother’s bloodstream, allowing
nutrients and waste to be
exchanged.
 Placenta connects to the embryo
via the umbilical cord.
 After ~8 weeks, the embryo
becomes recognisably human and
is called a foetus.
 Pregnancy typically lasts ~40 weeks.
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Discuss Birth
 The process of birth begins with the muscles in the uterus
contracting.
 The amniotic sac surrounding the foetus ruptures,
allowing amniotic fluid to escape (a.k.a. “water
breaking”).
 The cervix dilates (widens).
 The baby is pushed through the cervix.
 The umbilical cord is cut.
 The mother begins to lactate (produce milk).
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Discuss Growth and Puberty
 In girls, puberty:
1. Increases the size of ovaries and womb.
2. Marks the start of the menstrual cycle.
3. Causes a number of other physical changes, such as
pubic hair, wider hips, growth spurts, breast growth, etc.
 In boys, puberty:
1. Increases the size of the penis and testes.
2. Marks the start of semen production.
3. Causes a number of other physical changes, such as
pubic (including facial) hair, larger muscles, growth
spurts, deeper voice, etc.
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Understand Contraception
 Contraception refers to the actions and devices used to
prevent pregnancy.
 Condoms are latex covers for the penis, preventing
semen from exiting.
 Hormone supplements oestrogen and/or progesterone
(“the pill”, “the patch”, “the implant”, intrauterine
devices, injections, vaginal ring) prevent ovulation and
may make the female reproductive system unsuitable
for sperm or egg implantation.
 Diaphragm / female condom physically block sperm
from entering the womb.