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Physiology and Health: Chapter 8-10 Summary The ________ of the human male produce sperm from germline cells in seminiferous tubules and make testosterone in __________ cells. The mobility and viability of sperm are maintained by fluids secreted by the ____________ gland and ______________ vesicles. The __________ of the human female contain _____________ cells that produce ova (eggs) each surrounded by a protective ___________. Hormones made by the ovary are oestrogen and ___________________. The pituitary gland releases ______________________________ hormone (FSH) and interstitial-cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH)/_______________ hormone (LH). In men, FSH stimulates sperm production and ICSH promotes __________ production. The concentration of testosterone is maintained at a steady level by _____________ feedback control. In women, FSH stimulates the development of a follicle containing an ovum (egg) and the secretion of ________________. LH triggers _________________ and brings about the development of the corpus _______ which secretes progesterone. Oestrogen stimulates the proliferation of the _______________ and progesterone promotes its further development and __________________. The ________________ cycle lasts for about 28 days and involves a follicular __________ and a luteal phase. Fertility in men is _________________; fertility in women is _____________, being restricted to the 1-2 days following ovulation in each monthly cycle. Infertility may be caused by failure to ovulate, blockage of _____________ or failure of _____________ in women, and low _________ count in men. Methods of treatment of infertility include the use of drugs that ______________ ovulation, artificial ____________________, in--______________ fertilisation (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm __________________ (ICSI). Pre-implantation _____________ diagnosis may be used during IVF to check an embryo for chromosomal defects before implantation. Some methods of contraception are based on _______________ knowledge of the menstrual cycle and the ______________ of fertile periods. Other physical methods depend on _____________, intra-uterine devices or ____________. Some methods prevent follicles from being stimulated and eggs from being released. Others cause thickening of cervical ___________. During antenatal care, a _______________ scan is made by ultrasound imaging to determine the stage the pregnancy has reached. An ________________ scan is used to detect physical problems with the fetus. Signs of medical conditions suffered by pregnant women can be detected using screening tests for _________________ chemicals. These allow risk of genetic disorders in the fetus to be assessed and may be followed up by ________________ tests. A _______________ is a display of a compliment of chromosomes arranged in pairs to show their form, sixe and number. During _____________________, a sample of amniotic fluid is taken to obtain cells for karyotyping to check for ________________ abnormalities. During ____________ villus sampling, cells for the same purpose are obtained from the placenta. This procedure carries a higher risk of ___________________ than amniocentesis. A Rhesus-negative mother is given ______________ antibodies after birth of a Rhesuspositive baby to destroy and Rhesus __________________ before her immune system has time to respond to them. _________________ screening is carried out on newborn babies to check for metabolic disorders such as PKU. Information about particular characteristics can be collected from the members of a family and be used to construct a ________________ chart. Single gene disorders show different patterns of inheritance, such as autosomal recessive. Wordbank Amniocentesis anomaly antigens anti-Rhesus Avoidance barriers biological chemical chorionic Chromosomal continuous cyclical dating diagnostic Endometrium follicle follicle-stimulating genetic germline Implantation injection insemination interstitial karyotype Luteinising luteum marker menstrual miscarriage Mucus negative oestrogen ovaries oviducts Ovulation pedigree phase postnatal seminal sperm sterilisation stimulate testes testosterone vascularisation vitro