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Download The Politics of Reconstruction
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Synopsis: Congress opposed Lincoln’s and Johnson’s plans for Reconstruction and instead implemented its own plan to rebuild the South. However, Southern opposition to Radical Reconstruction, along with economic problems in the North, ended Reconstruction. Reconstruction and it’s Effects Lesson 20 Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction Lesson 20: Reconstruction and it’s Effects part 1 Reconstruction was the period of rebuilding after the Civil War. It also refers to the process of bringing the Southern states back into the nation. Reconstruction lasted from 1865 to 1877. Lincoln’s view that the United States was one indivisible nation had prevailed. He believed that since secession was illegal, Confederate governments in the Southern states were illegitimate and the states had never really left the Union. Lincoln also believed that to reunify the nation, the federal government should not punish the South, but act “with malice towards none, with charity for all… to bind up the nation’s wounds….” In December 1863, President Lincoln announced his Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, also known as the Ten-Percent Plan. The government would pardon all Confederates—except highranking Confederate officials and those accused of crimes against prisoners of war—who would swear allegiance to the Union. After ten percent of those on the 1860 voting lists took this oath of allegiance, a Confederate state could form a new state government and gain representation in Congress. However, Lincoln’s moderate Reconstruction plan angered a minority of Republicans in Congress, known as Radical Republicans. They wanted to influence the process of Reconstruction in a manner much more punitive towards the former Confederate states. The Radical Republicans were led by Representative Thaddeus Stevens of Pennsylvania and Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts. the Radicals wanted to destroy the political power of former slaveholders. Most of all, they wanted African Americans to be given full citizenship and the right to vote. In July 1864, the Radicals passed the Wade Davis Bill. The bill called for Congress, not the president, to be in charge of Reconstruction.