Download Benchmark#5 Volcanoes, Rocks types, weathering

BENCHMARK#5
VOLCANOES, ROCKS TYPES,
WEATHERING AND EROSION
Franks/Lundberg
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which if the following aspects of mafic lava is most
important to the formation of smooth, ropy,
pohoehoe lava.
A.
B.
C.
D.
A fairly low, thin viscosity
Rapidly deforming crust
Rapid underwater cooling
A fair high, thick viscosity
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which of the following rocks would most likely form
from organic sources?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Limestone
Granite
Basalt
Sandstone
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

As magma from deep in the Earth’s interior rises
and comes into contact with existing rock, that rock
could go through changes in structure and
composition. This process is called…
A.
B.
C.
D.
Sedimentation
Erosions
Contact metamorphism
Deposition
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

The sedimentary rock layers of the Grand Canyon
represent nearly 2 billion years of Earth’s
geological history. Where in the Grand Canyon
would you find the oldest layer?
A.
B.
C.
D.
All layers are the same age
At the bottom of the canyon where the Colorado
River is still digging deeper over time
The limestone layers are always the oldest
At the canyons rim
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Molten rock found on the surface of the Earth is
specifically called…
A.
B.
C.
D.
Basalt
Lava
Magma
Volcanoes
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a
mineral?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Organic
Similar crystal and chemical composition
Solid
Occurs naturally
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

This type of rock is associated with sedimentation
and compaction.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Igneous
Metamorphic
Compound
sedimentary
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which of the following is not a direct natural
hazard associated with volcanic eruptions?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Lava flows
Lahars
Pyroclastic flows
Years of global cooling and failed crop yields
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Geothermal energy, like that found beneath the
country of Iceland, is possible where there is….
A.
B.
C.
D.
Wind
Magma
Lava
Coal
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which of the following types of weathering is
taking place in the diagram below?
A.
B.
C.
D.
river erosion
Frost shattering
Wind erosion
Carbonic acid chemical weather
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which of the following types of plate boundaries
caused the formation of the Cascade Mountains in
Northern California and the Pacific Northwest
States of Oregon and Washington?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Divergent boundary
Hot spot boundary
Rift valley boundary
Convergent subduction zone
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which of the following statements is true regarding
the lava that has created the Hawaiian Islands?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Hawaiian lava tends to be very explosive
Hawaiian lava tends to produce shield volcanoes
The lava source of Hawaii came from continental crust
Hawaiian lava tends to produce violently erupting,
steep-sided, composite volcanoes
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

This stationary hot spot, which is presently
underneath the North American plate, last erupted
600,000 years ago and buried much of the United
States under 100’s of meters of ash.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The Aleutians
Cascades
Yellowstone
Yosemite
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which of the following is not an example of weathering
and erosion?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Water in a mountain stream crashes against rocks
breaking off small fragments and carry them down
stream.
Wind blows sand against existing rock, breaking off tiny
pieces and scattering them elsewhere
Water inside the cracks of rocks freezes overnight,
expands and cracks of segments of rock which fall
downwards due to gravity
Magma from deep inside Earth pushes up through existing
rock layers, causing the layers above to bulge.
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Igneous rock that cools slowly underground tends to
have this characteristic.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Large crystals
High water content
Small or no crystals
Uniform composition
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which one of the following rock layers below would
experience the most weathering and erosion?
A.
B.
C.
D.
D
Q
L
Z
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a
mineral?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Organic
Alike crystal structure and chemical composition
Solid
Occurs naturally
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Hot gas and ash that travels down steeped-sided
composite volcanoes at speed of over 100 miles
per hour are called?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Lava flows
Lahars
Pyroclastic flows
Tephra flows
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Geothermal energy, like that found beneath the
country of Iceland, is possible where there is
_______.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Wind
Magma
Oil
Coal
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which of the following types of plate boundaries
caused the formation of the Cascades Volcanoes of
Northern California and the Pacific Northwest, and
the Andes Mts. of South America?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Divergent boundary
Subduction zone boundary
Hot spot boundary
Rift valley boundary
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which of the following statements is true, regarding
the magma and lava that formed the Hawaiian
Islands.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Hawaiian magma tends to be very explosive
Hawaiian lava tends to form shield volcanoes
Hawaiian magma comes from continental crust
Hawaiian lava tends to form composite volcanoes
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

This stationary hot spot which presently sits
underneath North America violently erupted
600,000 years ago in one of the great volcanic
eruptions in recent history.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The Aleutians
Yellowstone
The Cascades
Yosemite
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which of the following is not an example of weathering
and erosion?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Water in a mountain stream crashes against rock,
breaking off large pieces, carrying those pieces farther
down stream.
Wind blows sand against rock breaking off tiny little
pieces, scattering them elsewhere
Water inside the cracks of rocks freezes and break the
rock, these broken pieces are carried off by water and
gravity
Magma from deep in the Earth rises and pushes up layers
of rock, causing the surface of the Earth to rise up in
elevation
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Igneous rock that cools slowly underground tends to
have which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Large crystals
High water content
No crystals
Uniform composition
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which part of the river below would you expect to
find larger boulders carried away by strong river
currents?
A.
B.
C.
1
2
3
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

A large pool of magma found beneath a volcano is
most accurately called a…
A.
B.
C.
D.
Magma intrusion
Magma chamber
Magma crater
Magma dike
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

molten rocks that have cooled slowly underground,
containing large crystals are called…
A.
B.
C.
D.
Metamorphic extrusive rocks
Metamorphic intrusive rocks
Igneous intrusive rocks
Igneous extrusive rocks
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which of the following observations would not
support the probability of a volcano being close to
eruption?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Deformation of the Earth’s crust on and around the
volcano
Increase seismic activity in the area around the
volcano
Increase rainfall amounts around the volcano
Gas and steam rising out of the crater of the volcano
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which of the following best describes the vulcanism
that is taking place under the Big Island of Hawaii?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The island is directly over a convergent plate
boundary
The island is directly over a divergent plate boundary
The Big Island has existed for billions of years from
vulcunism, and is now shrinking in size as the island is
slowly weathered and eroded
The Big Island presently sits directly above a hot spot
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which of the following statements best defines a
volcano?
A.
B.
C.
D.
An area where the Earth’s crust is always subducting
back down into the mantle
A place on the Earth’s crust where magma becomes
lava
All the cone-shaped mountains on the surface of the
Earth
A place where there is a great deal of molten rock
deep in Earth’s interior
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which of the following volcanoes has gentle slopes
and quiet, non-violent eruptions?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Composite
Cindercones
Calderas
Shield
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

A ______ is an opening in a volcano where gases
and lava may escape onto Earth’s surface.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Vent
Fracture
Focus
Magma chamber
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

This igneous rock type is the most common type of
rock found in Earth’s oceanic crust.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Diorite
Granite
Basalt
Gabbro
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which of the following rock types would most likely
contain the most fossils?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Igneous
Metamorphic
Sedimentary
All contain about the same amount of fossils
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

A type of rock that forms out of a magma or a lava
is called…
A.
B.
C.
D.
Compound rocks
Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic rocks
Igneous rocks
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

The relative cooling rates of igneous rocks can be
estimated by comparing rocks’….
A.
B.
C.
D.
Chemical reactivity
Density
Crystal sizes
Composition
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

In the picture an ancient volcanic neck towers above the
surrounding land. This volcanic neck was once below
the surface of the Earth. Which of the following
statements best describes why this volcanic neck did not
weather and erode away with the rest of the rock
layers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The volcanic neck was uplifted after the rest of the rock
was weathered away
A river never came into contact with the volcanic neck
The volcanic neck was more resistant to weathering and
erosion than was the other layers of sedimentary rock
The rock found in the volcanic neck was more dense and
rose above the rest of the rocks
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which of the following rocks in this diagram would
be the youngest to form (Be careful)?
A.
B.
C.
D.
R
H
I
B
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which of the follow rock layers has to be the
oldest…be careful once again?
A.
B.
C.
D.
H
I
B
R
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which of the following rock layers was responsible
for causing contact-metamorphism in all the other
layers
A.
B.
C.
D.
H
M
B
R
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

This igneous intrusive rock is the most common rock
found in the continental crust.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Diorite
Gabbro
Basalt
Granite
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Igneous rocks that contain higher amounts of iron
and magnesium and lower amounts of silicon and
oxygen are most accurately described as which of
the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Intrusive rock
Extrusive rock
Mafic rock
Felsic rock
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which of the following volcano type is most common
around the Pacific Rim of Fire?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Super volcanoes
Composite volcanoes
Shield volcanoes
cindercones
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which of the following does NOT support a magma
type that causes explosive eruptions?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The magma has a low viscosity and flows easily
It is a felsic magma
The magma has a high viscosity and does NOT flow
easily
The magma contains large amounts of trapped gases
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which planet in the solar system is home to Olympic
Mons, the tallest, largest volcano?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Earth
Saturn
Mars
Venus
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which of the following best describes how
sedimentary rocks form?
A.
B.
C.
D.
They form from magma deep in the Earth
They form from existing rocks that have undergone
changed due to high temperatures and pressure
They form as lava flows across the land and cools
quickly
Sand, clay, and silt sink to the bottom of a lake from
other weathered rocks where they are cemented and
compacted into new rock
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

The process in which broken down rock is carried
away by wind, water, glacier, or gravity is called…
A.
B.
C.
D.
Erosion
Weathering
Plate tectonics
Sedimentation
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Which of the following is NOT a condition in which
magma forms?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Increased pressure
Additional of fluids
Increased temperature
Increased solar radiation
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

The rock type that forms out of existing rock that
has been put under intense temperature and/or
pressure is called…
A.
B.
C.
D.
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Igneous
Compound
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

Volcanoes that have steep slopes and violent
eruptions followed by quieter lava flows are most
accurately called…
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cindercones
Composite volcanoes
Calderas
Shield volcanoes
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

What type of plate boundary has caused all the
composite volcanoes to occur on the islands of Japan?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Divergent boundary
Subduction Zone
Rift Valley
Transform boundary
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion

The most common elements in the Earth’s crust are…
A.
B.
C.
D.
Hydrogen and Helium
Iron and magnesium
Oxygen and silicon
Sulfur and carbon
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion
Volcanoes, Rocks types, Weathering
and Erosion