* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Parts of Speech - cloudfront.net
Udmurt grammar wikipedia , lookup
Kannada grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ukrainian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Norse morphology wikipedia , lookup
Agglutination wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lexical semantics wikipedia , lookup
Modern Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Untranslatability wikipedia , lookup
Preposition and postposition wikipedia , lookup
Chinese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Comparison (grammar) wikipedia , lookup
Japanese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Arabic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Irish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lithuanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Macedonian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ojibwe grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Hebrew grammar wikipedia , lookup
Morphology (linguistics) wikipedia , lookup
Russian declension wikipedia , lookup
Russian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Sotho parts of speech wikipedia , lookup
Compound (linguistics) wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Latin syntax wikipedia , lookup
Italian grammar wikipedia , lookup
French grammar wikipedia , lookup
Esperanto grammar wikipedia , lookup
Icelandic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Contraction (grammar) wikipedia , lookup
Scottish Gaelic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Serbo-Croatian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Pipil grammar wikipedia , lookup
Polish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Spanish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Parts of Speech Words, which are the building blocks of language, are used in eight different ways. They have, therefore, eight different names, called PARTS OF SPEECH. These parts of speech are: NOUN, PRONOUN, ADJECTIVE, VERB, ADVERB, PREPOSITION, CONJUNCTION, AND INTERJCTION. Each of these parts of speech can be used in various ways, as seen below: NOUN A word that names a person, place, thing, or idea; it may be proper or common; concrete or abstract; singular or plural; compound or collective Person – student, mother, Jamie, Mrs. Jones Place – kitchen, classroom, Grand Canyon, Hawaii Thing – surfboard, video, year, gum Idea – thought, education, democracy, peace Proper –names a particular person, place, or thing; capitalized Common – a general name; not capitalized Concrete – something you can see, hear, smell, touch, or taste Abstract – names an idea, quality, or state (pride, sadness) Singular – names a single person, place, thing, or idea (foot) Plural – names more than one (feet) Compound - made up of two or more words; it may be written as one word (baseball), separate words (parking lot), or as a hyphenated word (runner-up) Collective - refers to a group of people of things (audience, crowd) PRONOUN A word used in place of one or more nouns; it may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea; the word to which it refers is its ANTECEDENT. There are several types: Personal I, me, you he, him, she, her, it we, us, they, them Possessive my, mine, your, yours his, her, its our, ours, their, theirs Indefinite anybody, somebody each, either, everything none, some, both, few, etc. Interrogative who, whom what, which, whose Demonstrative this, that, these, those Reflexive/Intensive myself, yourself, himself, herself itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves NOTE: A reflexive pronoun reflects action back upon the subject and adds information to the sentence; an intensive pronoun adds emphasis to a noun or pronoun in the same sentence: ie. Donna prepared herself for the party; Donna herself prepared for the party. VERB A word that expresses action, describes a state of being, or otherwise helps to make a statement; there are several types: Action Verbs express mental or physical action: EX: The dog ran through the waves and chased the Frisbee. She though hard but couldn’t remember the answer. Linking Verbs do not show action, but connect the subject with a word in the predicate; the most common linking verb is “be” and its many forms: am, is, are, was, were has been, have been, had been, will be, shall be may be, would have been, can be, should be Other common forms are: taste, feel, smell, sound, look, appear become, seem, grow, remain, and stay EX: I am a teacher. He has been sick. The cakes were delicious. The flowers smelled good. (but NOT, “She smelled the flowers”). Helping Verbs help the main verb to express action or make a statement; together they form verb phrases; the most common helping verbs are shown below: is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been has, have, had, do, does, did, shall, will, should, would, may, might must, can, could EX: We have been enjoying our vacation. He will have been running for an hour. ADJECTIVE A word that modifies a noun or pronoun; they are describing words which answer the following questions: What kind? Which one or ones? How many or how much? EX: happy children; sunny day any book; seventh grade five dollars; full tank The cheerful young girl had numerous friends. The cantankerous old man suffered through many lonely days. NOTE: The most commonly used adjectives – a, an, the – are called ARTICLES. ADVERB A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb; like adjectives, they also answer certain questions. Some of the most common forms are listed below: Where? When? How? How often? To what extent? EX: here, there, away, up now, then, later, soon clearly, easily, quietly, slowly never, always, often, seldom very, too, almost, so, really The sun is shining brightly in the sky today. Yesterday the student completed him homework very carefully. NOTE: Both adjectives and adverbs may appear BEFORE or AFTER the word (or words) they modify; sometimes an adverb may appear in the middle of a verb phrase. EX: The friendly student pointed us in the right direction. The student, who was friendly and intelligent, pointed us in the right direction. The class often complains about homework. The class complains often about homework. Suddenly, the door opened. The door opened suddenly. He did not know the answer. Movie stars are often seen in Hollywood. PREPOSITION A word that shows the relation of a word or pronoun to some other word in the sentence; below are some of the most common prepositions: around about above across after against along among EX: behind below beneath beside between beyond by down for in into like of off on over throughout to toward under during since until up with at before except for through within without The skater rolled down the hill and crashed into the bushes. She walked through the store on her way to the parking lot. She bought a bouquet of flowers for her mom. NOTE: Prepositions never stand alone in a sentence; they are always used with a noun or pronoun called the OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION (ie. under the boardwalk; during the last week; in the kitchen) ALSO NOTE: Sentences should not end with a preposition. EX: CONJUNCTION A word that joins words or groups of words; they are also used to join compound sentences. The most common conjunctions can be remembered with the word FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) EX: INTERJECTION He realized he had nothing to start with. (incorrect) He realized he had nothing with which to start. (correct) The Alaskan wilderness is a difficult place to survive in. (incorrect) The Alaskan wilderness is a difficult place in which to survive.(correct) Jeff and Robert; sun or rain; fun but expensive; tired yet happy Philip is listening, but Kenny is talking. She plays the guitar, and her brother plays the piano. A word that expresses strong emotion; set apart by a comma or exclamation point; it has no grammatical relationship to the rest of the sentence EX: Ouch! That hurts. Wow! What a beautiful day! Oh no, I broke a nail.