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CAUSES OF W.W.II
Aggression: assault; hostile action or behavior.
Appeasement: Policy based on the belief that if European states satisfied the
reasonable demands of dissatisfied powers, the dissatisfied powers would be
content, & stability & peace would be achieved in Europe.
JAPANESE PATH TO WAR
Japanese forces seize Manchuria on Sept. 1931, renamed it Manchukuo.
A). Needed natural resources
League sent Lord Lytton to investigate the affairs.
A). Lord Lytton blamed Japan.
March 1933: Japan withdrew from the League.
Dec. 1936: Chang Kai-Shek of China formed a new united front against
Japan.
July 1937: Chinese & Japanese forces clashed south of Beijing.
Dec. 1937: Japan seized the Chinese capital Nanjing.
JAPAN
•
Japan had become interested in raw materials to fuel its military
machine in SE Asia.
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Summer of 1940 Japan demanded the right to exploit economic
resources in French Indochina.
•
U.S. counterattack the Japanese plan by applying economic sanctions,
unless Japan withdrew from the area & returned to its borders of 1931.
•
Japan counterattack by launching a surprise attack on U.S. & European
colonies in SE Asia.
HIDEKI TOJO
FAMOUS QUOTE
“. . . At the Imperial Conference on December 1, it was decided to make war against England and
the United States..”
“Despite Japan's desires and efforts, unfortunate differences in the ways that Japan, England, the
United States, and China understood circumstances, together with misunderstandings of attitudes,
made it impossible for the parties to agree.”
ITALY
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Oct. 1935: Italy invaded Ethiopia.
A). Mussolini long dreamed of creating a new
Roman Empire).
•
May 1936: Mussolini annexed Ethiopia.
BENITO MUSSOLINI
MAP OF ETHIOPIA
WORLD WAR II
GERMANY
•
Hitler decided to expand Germany because they needed more land to support a
larger population.
A). Expand toward the East (In the Soviet
Union).
•
Hitler violate the Treaty of Versailles by creating a new Air Force and beginning a
military draft.
A). France & G.B., & Italy condemned Germany’s
actions & warned against future aggressive
steps.
•
March 7, 1936: Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland.
•
Oct. 1936: Germany & Italy signed the Rome-Berlin Axis.
•
Nov. 1936: Germany & Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact.
ADOLF HITLER
FAMOUS QUOTE
“. . . Today we rule Germany, tomorrow, the world
“…I am asking of no man more than I myself was ready throughout four
years to do”
RHINELAND
GERMANY
•
Mar. 13, 1938: Hitler threatened Austria with invasion.
A). Hitler forced the Austrian Chancellor to
put Austrian Nazis in charge of gov’t.
•
Mar. 13, 1938: Hitler annexed Austria to Germany.
•
Sept. 15, 1938: Hitler demanded that Germany be given the
Sudetenland (area NW Czechoslovakia) (inhabited largely by Germans)
A). British, French, & Italians reached an agreement
that met virtually all of Hitler’s demands.
B). Hitler promised not to take anymore European
territory.
SUDETENLAND
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
GERMANY
•
Mar. 15, 1939: Hitler invade & took control of Bohemia & Moravia
(western Czechoslovakia)
•
Aug. 23, 1939: Germany & Soviet Union signed the Nazi-Soviet
Nonaggression Pact.
A). Agreed not to attack other
B). Hitler offered Stalin control of Eastern
Poland & Baltic States.
•
Sept. 1, 1939: Germany invaded Poland