Download Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment Pathway

Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment Pathway
Disease Pathway Management Secretariat
Version 2014.03
Disclaimer
The pathway is intended to be used for informational purposes only. The pathway is not intended to
constitute or be a substitute for medical advice and should not be relied upon in any such regard.
Further, all pathways are subject to clinical judgment and actual practice patterns may not follow the
proposed steps set out in the pathway. In the situation where the reader is not a healthcare provider,
the reader should always consult a healthcare provider if he/she has any questions regarding the
information set out in the pathway. The information in the pathway does not create a physician-patient
relationship between Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) and the reader.
Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment Pathway
Pathway Preamble
Pathway Disclaimer
This pathway is a resource that provides an overview of the treatment that an individual in the Ontario cancer system may
receive.
2014.03 Page 2 of 6
Pathway Legend
Primary Care (Family Physician, Nurse Practitioner, Emergency Department Physician)
The pathway is intended to be used for informational purposes only. The pathway is not intended to constitute or be a
substitute for medical advice and should not be relied upon in any such regard. Further, all pathways are subject to clinical
judgment and actual practice patterns may not follow the proposed steps set out in the pathway. In the situation where the
reader is not a healthcare provider, the reader should always consult a healthcare provider if he/she has any questions
regarding the information set out in the pathway. The information in the pathway does not create a physician-patient
relationship between Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) and the reader.
Psychosocial Oncology (PSO) and Palliative Care and End of Life Care (PEOL) - Managing Physician(s)
While care has been taken in the preparation of the information contained in the pathway, such information is provided on an
“as-is” basis, without any representation, warranty, or condition, whether express, or implied, statutory or otherwise, as to the
information’s quality, accuracy, currency, completeness, or reliability.
Radiation Oncologist
CCO and the pathway’s content providers (including the physicians who contributed to the information in the pathway) shall
have no liability, whether direct, indirect, consequential, contingent, special, or incidental, related to or arising from the
information in the pathway or its use thereof, whether based on breach of contract or tort (including negligence), and even if
advised of the possibility thereof. Anyone using the information in the pathway does so at his or her own risk, and by using
such information, agrees to indemnify CCO and its content providers from any and all liability, loss, damages, costs and
expenses (including legal fees and expenses) arising from such person’s use of the information in the pathway.
Multi-disciplinary Cancer Conferences (MCC)
This pathway may not reflect all the available scientific research and is not intended as an exhaustive resource. CCO and its
content providers assume no responsibility for omissions or incomplete information in this pathway. It is possible that other
relevant scientific findings may have been reported since completion of this pathway. This pathway may be superseded by an
updated pathway on the same topic.
Managing Physician at Pathway Entry Point
and Care Team
Pathologist
Diagnostic Assessment Program (DAP)
Surgeon
Medical Oncologist
Interventional Radiologist
Neurosurgeon
No Specific Specialty
Possible Action or Result
Referral to
Pathway Considerations
§
§
§
§
§
The family physician should be kept up-to-date throughout the pathway and usual ongoing care with the family physician
is assumed to be part of the pathway.
Counseling and treatment for smoking cessation should be initiated early on in the pathway and continued by care
providers throughout the pathway as necessary.
Clinical trials should be considered for all phases of the pathway.
In order to minimize delays, processes may be carried out in parallel if disease management is not affected.
Psychosocial care should be considered an integral and standardized part of cancer care for patients and their families at
all stages of the illness trajectory. Refer to EBS #19-3
© CCO retains all copyright, trademark and all other rights in the pathway, including all text and graphic images. No portion of this pathway may be used or reproduced, other than for personal use, or distributed, transmitted or "mirrored" in any form, or by any means, without the prior written permission of CCO.
Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment Pathway
Limited (Stage I - III)
2014.03 Page 3 of 6
The pathway is intended to be used for informational purposes only. The pathway is not intended to constitute or be a substitute for medical advice and should not be relied upon in any such regard. Further, all pathways are subject to clinical judgment and actual practice patterns may not follow
the proposed steps set out in the pathway. In the situation where the reader is not a healthcare provider, the reader should always consult a healthcare provider if he/she has any questions regarding the information set out in the pathway. The information in the pathway does not create a
physician-patient relationship between Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) and the reader.
Small Cell
Lung Cancer
Complete
or Partial
Response
Limited
(Stage I to III)
Radiation
Oncologist
Revisit goals
of care
conversation
Ready to
treat
Assign
Wait Time
Priority2
AJCC Cancer Staging Manual
7th edition
Managing
Physician
It is assumed that
all patients
entering the Lung
Caner Treatment
Pathway have
undergone the
recommended
diagnostic
procedures and
imaging.
Screen for and
manage
symptoms and
consider
functional
status
Consider Radiation of Chest
If not given previously
Ongoing screening, assessment
and management of symptoms
and consider functional status
Baseline
Assessment
(in addition to previous
imaging from staging):
Chest X-Ray
Physical Exam
Blood work
MCC1
Medical
Oncologist
Goals of Care
Conversation
Radiation
Oncologist
+/-
Thoracic
Surgeon
For very small lesions,
where certainty of
diagnosis is unclear
Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation
(PCI) of Brain
Refer to
EBS #7-13-2
Ongoing screening, assessment
and management of symptoms
and consider functional status
Ready to
treat
Assign
Wait Time
Priority2
First-Line
Chemotherapy
Refer to
EBS #7-13-1
Early
Concurrent
Thoracic
Radiation
Therapy
Refer to
EBS #7-13-3
Ongoing
screening,
assessment and
management of
symptoms and
consider
functional status
For more information about Multidisciplinary Cancer Conferences (MCC):Refer to MCC Standards and
MCC Resources
2 For more information on radiation and systemic treatment wait time prioritization, visit:
http://cancercare.on.ca/cms/One.aspx?portalId=1377&pageId=8870
http://cancercare.on.ca/cms/One.aspx?portalId=1377&pageId=8888
1
Pathway Consideration: Consider early activation of psychosocial oncology and palliative care approach
Assessment of
Response
+/- Chest X-Ray
Physical Exam
Blood Work
Other Imaging as
Appropriate
CT Scan if needed
(midcourse for
chemotherapy)
Follow-up∞
Stable
Disease
Follow-up∞
Consider
re-evaluation of
pathology
Following
Treatment
Re-assessment:
CT Chest, Abdomen
MRI (preferred) or
CT Brain
End of Life Care
Implementation
(Page 5,6 of 6)
Second-line Chemotherapy
Progressed
Evaluate Patient:
Symptom and
performance status,
and co-morbidities
Age
Pathology
Ongoing screening, assessment
and management of symptoms
and consider functional status
Revisit goals
of care
conversation
Palliative Radiation
Ongoing screening, assessment
and management of symptoms
and consider functional status
Progression/Recurrence:
Subsequent treatment depends on:
· Symptom and performance
status, and co-morbidities
· Patient treatment goals/wishes
§ Time to relapse
§ Age
§ Consider possibility of different
histology (mixed tumours, new
primary)
§ Revisit goals of care
conversation
If
progression
If stable
End of Life Care
Implementation
(Page 5,6 of 6)
Follow-up∞
∞Collaborative Follow-Up by Managing Physician(s) or
Advanced Practice Nurse (APN)
Suggested Frequency
History, Physical Exam, and Smoking Cessation Counseling
Every 3 months (year 1 & 2)
Every 6 months (year 3)
Annually (year 4 and onward)
CT Chest (+/- Abdomen) with Chest X-Ray on Alternating Visits
Every 6 months (year 1 & 2)
Chest X-Ray
Every 6 months (year 3)
Annually (year 4 and onward)
Ongoing screening, assessment and management
of symptoms and consider functional status
Retreatment with First-Line
Chemotherapy
If ≥ 3 months disease-free
Refer to EBS #7-17
Ongoing screening, assessment
and management of symptoms
and consider functional status
Second-Line Chemotherapy
If < 3 months disease-free
Refer to EBS #7-17
Ongoing screening, assessment
and management of symptoms
and consider functional status
Palliative Radiation
Ongoing screening, assessment
and management of symptoms
and consider functional status
PSO &
PEOL
End of Life Care
Implementation
(Page 5,6 of 6)
If
progression
If stable
Follow-up∞
Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment Pathway
Extensive (Stage IV)
2014.03 Page 4 of 6
The pathway is intended to be used for informational purposes only. The pathway is not intended to constitute or be a substitute for medical advice and should not be relied upon in any such regard. Further, all pathways are subject to clinical judgment and actual practice patterns may not follow
the proposed steps set out in the pathway. In the situation where the reader is not a healthcare provider, the reader should always consult a healthcare provider if he/she has any questions regarding the information set out in the pathway. The information in the pathway does not create a
physician-patient relationship between Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) and the reader.
Small Cell
Lung Cancer
Extensive
(Stage IV)
AJCC Cancer Staging
Manual 7th edition
IDENTIFY
Identify patients who could benefit from a palliative care approach early in the
illness trajectory. At the very least use the following screening question:
“Would you be surprised if this patient were to die in the next 6 -12 months?”
If answer is NO
↓
Initiate Palliative Care Approach alongside treatments
to control the disease if these are still appropriate. Start
by screening for symptoms and functional status as
outlined in “SCREEN” and continue along the pathway.
Consider a referral to specialized palliative care
services if the needs are complex*.
If answer is YES
↓
Screen for and
manage
symptoms and
functional status
as outlined in
“SCREEN”
MCC1
Managing
Physician
Screen for and
manage
symptoms and
consider
functional
status
Medical
Oncologist
Goals of Care
Conversation
PSO &
PEOL
Activate a
psychosocial
oncology and
palliative care
approach (Primary/
generalist +/specialist level)
If
symptomatic
brain
metastases
Ready to
treat
Assign
Wait Time
Priority2
Radiation
Oncologist
Treatment Plan
Dependent on:
Performance
status
Weight loss
Disease
symptoms
Co-morbidities
Sites of
metastatic
disease
For more information about Multidisciplinary Cancer Conferences (MCC):Refer to MCC Standards and
MCC Resources
2 For more information on radiation and systemic treatment wait time prioritization, visit:
http://cancercare.on.ca/cms/One.aspx?portalId=1377&pageId=8870
http://cancercare.on.ca/cms/One.aspx?portalId=1377&pageId=8888
1
Pathway Consideration: Consider early activation of psychosocial oncology and palliative care approach
Medical
Oncologist
If significant comorbidities, poor
performance
status and/or
moderate-severe
or complex
symptoms
*If patient is nearing the last weeks of life proceed to
End of Life Care Pathway (page 5,6 of 6).
Baseline
Assessment
(in addition to
previous
imaging from
staging):
Chest X-Ray
Physical Exam
Blood work
End of Life Care
Implementation
(Page 5,6 of 6)
Revisit
Goals of Care
Conversation
And
Radiation
Oncologist
Revisit
Goals of Care
Conversation
Ready to
Treat
Assign
wait time
priority2
First-Line Chemotherapy
Ongoing screening,
assessment and management
of symptoms and consider
functional status
Pleurodesis
Or
If
symptomatic
pleural
effusion
Thoracentesis
Or
Pleural Tunneled
Catheter
Radiation of
Brain
Ongoing
screening,
assessment
and
management
of symptoms
and consider
functional
status
Therapy based on patient preference and physician
assessment
And /
Chemotherapy
Palliative Radiation
Or
Ongoing screening, assessment and
management of symptoms and consider
functional status
Revisit
Goals of Care
Conversation
Prophylactic
Cranial Irradiation
(PCI) of Brain
Refer to EBS #7-13-2
If not given
previously
Ongoing
screening,
assessment and
management of
symptoms and
consider
functional status
First-Line
Chemotherapy
Ongoing
screening,
assessment and
management of
symptoms and
consider
functional status
Assessment
of Response:
Chest X-Ray
Physical Exam
Blood Work
CT Scan (midcourse for
chemotherapy)
First-Line
Chemotherapy
Ongoing
screening,
assessment and
management of
symptoms and
consider
functional status
Complete
or
Partial
Response
Radiation
Oncologist
Revisit
Goals of Care
Conversation
Ready to
Treat
Assign
wait time
priority2
Stable Disease
If progression
End of Life Care
Implementation
(Page 5,6 of 6)
Progressed
Evaluate
Patient:
Symptom and
performance
status, and comorbidities
Age
Revisit goals
of care
conversation
Second-line
Chemotherapy
And / Or
Palliative Radiation
If appropriate
Ongoing screening,
assessment and
management of
symptoms and
consider functional
status
Consider
Radiation of
Chest
Ongoing screening,
assessment and
management of
symptoms and
consider functional
status
Collaborative Follow-Up
by Managing Physician(s)
or Advanced Practice
Nurse (APN)
History
Physical Exam
Blood work
Chest X-Ray
Other Scans as Appropriate
Smoking cessation
counselling
If
progression
End of Life Care
Implementation
(Page 5,6 of 6)
If stable
Follow-Up∞
Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment Pathway
End of Life Care (Last 3 Months of Life)
2014.03 Page 5 of 6
The pathway is intended to be used for informational purposes only. The pathway is not intended to constitute or be a substitute for medical advice and should not be relied upon in any such regard. Further, all pathways are subject to clinical judgment and actual practice patterns may not follow
the proposed steps set out in the pathway. In the situation where the reader is not a healthcare provider, the reader should always consult a healthcare provider if he/she has any questions regarding the information set out in the pathway. The information in the pathway does not create a
physician-patient relationship between Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) and the reader.
End of Life Care
□ Discuss and document goals of care with patient and family
·
Pathway Target
Population:
Individuals with cancer
approaching the last 3 months of
life and their families.
While this section of the pathway
is focused on the care delivered at
the end of life, the palliative care
approach begins much earlier on
in the illness trajectory.
Refer to Screen, Assess & Plan
within the Psychosocial &
Palliative Care Pathway
Triggers that
suggest patients
are nearing the
last few months
and weeks life
§ ECOG/PatientECOG/PRFS = 4
OR
§ PPS ≤ 30
§ Declining
performance
status/functional
ability
§ Gold Standards
Framework
indicators of high
mortality risk
·
Screen, Assess,
Plan, Manage
and Follow-Up
+
End of Life Care
planning and
implementation
Collaboration and
consultation
between
specialist-level
care teams and
primary care
teams
Assess and address patient and family’s information needs and understanding of the disease, address gaps between reality and expectation, foster
realistic hope and provide opportunity to explore prognosis and life expectancy, and preparedness for death
Introduce patient and family to resources in community (e.g., day hospice programs)
□ Revisit advance care planning and discuss treatment withdrawal or withholding (e.g., advance directives, surrogate/substitute decision maker, code
·
·
status, feeding tubes etc.)
Review regularly, particularly when there is a change in clinical status
Refer to EBS #19- 1
□ Screen for specific end of life psychosocial issues
·
·
Specific examples of psychological needs include: anticipatory grief, past trauma or losses, preparing children (young children, adolescents, young
adults), guardianship of children, death anxiety
Consider referral to available resources and/or specialized services
□ Identify patients who could benefit from specialized palliative care services (consultation or transfer)
·
Discuss referral with patients and family
□ Proactively develop and implement a plan for expected death
·
·
·
·
·
·
Explore place-of-death preferences and assess whether this is realistic
Explore the potential settings of dying and the resources required (e.g., home, residential hospice, palliative care unit, long term care or nursing home)
Anticipate/Plan for pain & symptom management medications and consider an emergency home kit for unexpected pain & symptom management
Preparation and support for family to manage
Discuss emergency plans with patient and family (who to call if emergency in the home or long-term-care or retirement home)
Refer to Collaborative Care Plans
□ Home care planning
·
·
·
·
Connect with CCAC early (not just for last 2-4 weeks)
Ensure resources and elements in place
Consider an emergency home kit with access to pain, dyspnea and delirium mediation
Identify family members at risk for abnormal/complicated grieving and connect them proactively with bereavement resources
Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment Pathway
End of Life Care Continued (Last 3 Months of Life) cont.
2014.03 Page 6 of 6
The pathway is intended to be used for informational purposes only. The pathway is not intended to constitute or be a substitute for medical advice and should not be relied upon in any such regard. Further, all pathways are subject to clinical judgment and actual practice patterns may not follow
the proposed steps set out in the pathway. In the situation where the reader is not a healthcare provider, the reader should always consult a healthcare provider if he/she has any questions regarding the information set out in the pathway. The information in the pathway does not create a
physician-patient relationship between Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) and the reader.
At the time of death:
□ Pronouncement of death
□ Completion of death certificate
□ Allow family members to spend time with loved one upon
death, in such a way that respects individual rituals, cultural
diversity and meaning of life and death
Patient Death
□ Implement the pre-determined plan for expected death
□ Arrange time with the family for a follow-up call or visit
□ Provide age-specific bereavement services and resources
□ Inform family of grief and bereavement resources/services
□ Initiate grief care for family members at risk for complicated
grief
□ Encourage the bereaved to make an appointment with an
appropriate health care provider as required
Bereavement Support and Follow-Up
□ Offer psychoeducation and/or counseling to the bereaved
□ Screen for complicated and abnormal grief (family members, including
children)
□ Consider referral of bereaved family member(s) and children to
appropriate local resources, spiritual advisor, grief counselor, hospice
and other volunteer programs depending on severity of grief
Provide opportunities
for debriefing of care
team, including
volunteers