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America Transformed
Part 3
The Industrial Revolution
Continued
John Deere
 He was a blacksmith.
 During his life most plows used for tilling
were made for the light, sandy soil of New
England.
 He invented a lightweight plow that had a
steel cutting edge.
 Deere’s plows were able to break through
the rich, heavy mid-western soil.
 This allowed the Great Plains to be opened
up for farming.
Cyrus McCormick
 He invented a reaper which was used to cut ripe
grain.
 This was valuable because it made it much easier to
harvest grain, a crop that is used daily by most
people.
 Later, threshing machines were used to separate
wheat from the husks.
 This allowed farms to become larger and more
productive, because harvesting was easier.
Henry Ford
 He invented the assembly line approach to
manufacturing.
 He was in the automobile industry.
 Instead of having one person assemble
something on their own, that one person just
assembled part of the car as it moved down
a conveyor.
 Cars would take weeks or months to
assemble before Ford’s idea.
 With Ford’s assembly working full force, cars
could be completed in a matter of minutes.
J.P. Morgan
 He was a financier and a banker.
 He was arguably the most powerful man in
the United States for a decade or so.
 Because he financed so many businesses, he
forced businesses to follow his ideas, which
made them more efficient.
 He was criticized for having a monopoly over
the finance industry, and controlling the
American economy.
Joseph Pulitzer
 He started a newspaper called the New
York World.
 He had to produce revenue to pay for the
printing of the newspaper, so advertising
to the masses was introduced by him.
 He was also a member of the House of
Representatives, and a leading member of
the Democratic Party.
 The Pulitzer Prize is named after him.
William Randolph Hearst
 He was in competition with Pulitzer’s paper.
 His newspaper was called the New York
Journal.
 This competition created something called
yellow journalism.
 He started publishing magazines that had a
huge influence on the country as well.
 He was also a member of the House of
Representatives.
Jane Addams
 As more and more people moved into the
cities, there was a huge problem with
poverty, slums, and child labor.
 She established a settlement house which
provided daycare, education, and health
care to the poor who lived in Chicago.
 Her house was called Hull House and
became a model for other settlement
houses.
Booker T. Washington
 He was an early leader in trying to gain
equality for African-Americans.
 He became a teacher after the Civil War, and
founded the Tuskegee institute in Alabama.
 At the Tuskegee Institute he tried to help
African-Americans learn trades and gain
economic strength.
 He did not challenge segregation, but
believed that blacks and whites could be
separate but equal.
W.E.B. Du Bois
 He encouraged African-Americans to end
segregation.
 He founded the N.A.A.C.P. which played a key
role in ending segregation many years later.
 He wanted to train the “talented tenth” to be
scholars.
 He believed that African-Americans, not
whites, had to lead the fight to end
segregation.
Ellis Island
 This is an island in the harbor
of New York City.
 This was the first stop for
many immigrants on their
way into the U.S. from
Europe.
 This served as a processing
station for immigrants into
the U.S.
 Immigrants were checked for
good health, and asked about
their background.
 Millions and millions passed
through here.
Angel Island
 Was on the west coast of the
United States in San Francisco Bay.
 This was where many AsianAmericans first entered the United
States.
 They were often held there for
weeks because of racism towards
them.
 There were not as many who came
through here when compared to
Ellis Island.
Jim Crow Laws
 These laws were meant to enforce
segregation.
 Segregation was the separation of
black and white people in public
areas.
 Separate schools, trolley seats, and
restrooms were common in the
south.
 The court case Plessy v. Ferguson
said “separate but equal” was fair,
and did not violate the 14th
amendment.
The Chinese Exclusion Act
 The Chinese were not wellreceived when they came in for
the Gold Rush and the completion
of the Transcontinental Railroad.
 When the economy went bad in
the 1870’s there was resentment
towards the Chinese because it
was thought that they were
driving wages down.
 When this act was passed, no
Chinese immigration was allowed
for ten years.
Ragtime
 This was a new type of music
that emerged in the late
1800’s.
 It was a blend of European &
African-American music.
Scott Joplin-a famous
Ragtime composer
 This genre of music
eventually became popular
across many cultures in the
U.S.
 Scott Joplin’s tune “Maple
Leaf Rag” became the most
popular song of the era.
Vaudeville
 These were shows that were
a mixture of song, dance, and
comedy.
 These shows would feature a
mixture of acts, leading up to
what was called an “exciting
finish”.
 This type of entertainment
was less formal than a play,
and it appealed to many
people.