Download HERE - DeRiemaker

Untitled Document
1.
Jack bought a small turtle. Three months later, the turtle had grown to twice its original size. Which of the
following statements best describes why Jack's turtle got bigger?
A.
Parts of the turtle stretched out as it grew larger.
B.
The number of cells in the turtle's body increased.
C.
The turtle's body absorbed the food it ate and water it drank.
D. The size of each cell in the turtle's body got bigger as it got older.
2.
The table below lists the typical diploid number of chromosomes of several di erent organisms.
Which of the following is the best explanation for why the chromosome number is an even number in each of
these organisms?
A.
It is only a coincidence; many other organisms have an odd number of chromosomes.
B.
The diploid chromosome number is always even so that when mitosis occurs each new cell gets the same
number of chromosomes.
C.
The diploid chromosome number represents pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, so it is always an
even number.
D. Chromosomes double every time the cell divides, so after the rst division, the number is always even.
3.
If an intestinal cell in a butter y contains 24 chromosomes, a butter y egg cell would contain
A.
4.
3 chromosomes.
B.
6 chromosomes.
C.
12 chromosomes.
D. 24 chromosomes.
Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait. This hypothesis is
supported by the observation that
A.
haploid cells are produced by mitosis.
B.
C.
haploid cells are produced by meiosis.
D. diploid cells are produced by meiosis.
page 1
diploid cells are produced by mitosis.
5.
The diagram below shows the procedure scientists used to clone a frog from the nucleus of a skin cell.
Every body cell in a frog contains the exact same genetic information. What accounts for the di erent tissues in
an adult frog?
A.
Tissues cause mutations in the genetic material.
B.
Di erent tissues have di erent genes that are active.
C.
Frogs can alter their DNA to have genes produce di erent proteins.
D. The genes undergo metamorphosis.
6.
A student uses a microscope to observe cells in the root tissue of an onion. He concludes that the cells are
reproducing by mitosis.
Which hypothesis is supported by his conclusion?
A.
The root tissue cells all have the same set of chromosomes.
B.
The root tissue cells each have a unique genetic make-up.
C.
The root tissue cells produce identical gametes.
D. The root tissue cells split to form stem cells.
page 2
Untitled Document
7.
8.
Which of the following graphs best shows how the height of a lion changes from birth through adulthood?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The diagrams below represent forms of reproduction. In which form of reproduction will the o spring di er most
from the parent?
A.
B.
C.
D.
page 3
Untitled Document
9.
The diagram below shows a generalized cycle in sexually reproducing animals.
What is Process A in this cycle?
A.
fertilization
B.
mitosis
C.
page 4
osmosis
D. replication
Untitled Document
10.
The diagram below provides information about a carrot cell.
A carrot cell contains 18 chromosomes. Which of the following diagrams illustrates the correct number of
chromosomes in new cells produced by mitosis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
page 5
Untitled Document
11.
Use the information below to answer the following question(s).
Students examined plants and animals that live in and near the Chesapeake Bay.The students identi ed some
features of these organisms, as seen in the table below.
Organism
Bald eagle
Habitat
Land/water
Animal or Plant
Animal
Consumer
Bay grass
Water
Plant
Producer
Deer
Role
Cypress tree
Land/water
Land
Animal
Plant
Producer
Mute swan
Water
Animal
?
Pine tree
Land
Plant
Producer
Oyster
Sandbar shark
Striped bass
Water
?
Animal
Water
Animal
Water
Animal
?
Consumer
Consumer
Underwater plants are needed for the Chesapeake Bay habitat to be healthy. Eelgrass is one of the most common
underwater plants in the bay area.
Which of these methods is the most likely way that thousands of eelgrass seeds are spread naturally throughout the
bay area?
A.
The constant motion of the waves transports the seeds.
B.
Fish eat the seeds and spit them out at another location.
C.
The seeds stick to bobcat fur and fall in the water as the bobcat swims.
D. Birds gather the seeds on their feet and drop them in the water while ying.
12.
Use the information below to answer the following question(s).
Fossils of tree ferns as old as 400 million years have been found in rocks. These ancient ferns lived in
swampy, lowland forests and reproduced asexually by producing spores. The ferns were much taller than other
plants living at the same time. These extinct tree ferns have modern-day relatives that grow in the tropics.
Today, many tree ferns have a life cycle that now includes a sexual phase as well as an asexual phase. An egg and
a sperm unite to form a fertilized egg.
In a fertilized egg, what percentage of the genetic information comes from the sperm?
A.
25%
B.
50%
C.
page 6
75%
D. 100%
Untitled Document
13.
Use the information and diagrams below to answer the following question(s).
Astrammina rara is a unicellular organism that is several millimeters long. This organism lives on the ocean
oor of Antarctica in an area called Explorer's Cove.Astrammina rara builds a shell by cementing grains of
sand from the ocean oor together. The organism either absorbs nutrients from the water or eats other
organisms on the ocean oor. The o spring of Astrammina rara have genes identical to the parent. Below is
a diagram of an Astrammina rara and a map showing where the organism lives.
Asexual reproduction by Astrammina rara
14.
A.
involves an egg and a sperm
B.
requires a male and a female
C.
reduces the variation in the o spring
D. increases the variation in the o spring
Use the information below to answer the following question(s).
A scientist is studying a group of related owering plants. She set up a series of experiments to study
relatedness, classi cation, and patterns of inheritance within this group of plants.
One of the plants that the scientist is studying has an extra copy of one chromosome in all its cells. This variation
most likely occurred during
A.
15.
meiosis
B.
protein synthesis
C.
mitosis
D. DNA synthesis
Use the information below to answer the following question(s).
The largest ower in the world, called a ra esia, is three feet wide and weighs up to 36 pounds. The
ra esia has no roots, stems, or leaves. It lives on and takes nourishment from a vine called tetrastigma. The
ra esia harms the vine.
The seeds of the ra esia are dispersed in an unusual way. Plantain squirrels and tree shrews eat parts of the
ra esia plant. Scientists observe that when the animals chew the ra esia, seeds get caught in their teeth.
The animals will then chew on tetrastigma vines, leaving the seeds where they can germinate.
Specialized cells in the ra esia ower undergo a process that produces gametes. What is this process called?
A.
binary ssion
B.
meiosis
C.
page 7
fertilization
D. enzyme regulation
Untitled Document
16.
Use the diagram of the two di erent organisms and the information below to answer the following question(s).
Streptococcus is a type of bacteria that causes strep throat in humans. A frog is a multicellular organism that lives
in aquatic environments.
Which of these is the type of reproduction used by Streptococcus?
A.
17.
binary ssion
B.
meiosis
C.
crossing-over
D. budding
Use the information and the diagram below to answer the following question(s).
A student observes a unicellular organism under a microscope. After a while, the organism begins to split
into two cells, as shown in the diagram.
Which of these best describes the process shown in the diagram?
A.
binary ssion
B.
meiosis
C.
page 8
osmosis
D. sexual reproduction
Untitled Document
18.
A termite population was sprayed with a certain brand of insecticide. After being sprayed, the number of surviving
termites within the population were counted and recorded as a percentage of the total. This process was repeated
until a total of six generations of termites had been sprayed. The results are shown in the table below.
Termite
Percentage of Surviving
Generation Termites After Spraying
1
5%
2
10%
3
25%
5
60%
4
40%
6
80%
Which statement best explains why later generations had higher percentages of termites that survived?
A.
Earlier generations had several members that were old and weak.
B.
Earlier generations had smaller numbers of termites than later generations.
C.
Later generations were able to live through the spraying because they were used to it.
D. Later generations were the o spring of termites that were more resistant to the spraying.
19.
A tree frog population lives in the canopy of a tropical rain forest. In this tree frog population, a mutation occurs
that results in a new allele for skin coloration causing stripes on their legs.
Which of the following factors has the greatest e ect on whether leg stripes will become more common in the tree
frog population?
A.
if the reproduction rate of the tree frog population remains constant over time
B.
if the new allele for stripes is dominant or recessive in the tree frog population
C.
if the new allele for stripes increases the survival of the tree frogs in their environment
D. if enough food and water is available in the rain forest canopy for the tree frog population
page 9
Untitled Document
20.
On a small isolated island, there is a single species of seed-eating birds. Individual birds are able to eat seeds
that are within 2 mm (larger or smaller) of their beak depth. The distribution of individuals is shown in the gure
below.
A long drought caused the plant species that produce seeds between 3–9 mm in size to go extinct. What does the
Theory of Natural Selection predict will happen to the population of seed-eating birds over time?
A.
It will permanently shrink to approximately 25% of its current size.
B.
It will go extinct because there aren't enough seeds to support all of the individuals.
C.
It will diverge into two species: one that eats small seeds and one that eats large seeds.
D. It will adapt and the birds that ate the medium sized seeds will learn to eat sh, insects, or other animals.
21.
The diet of white-tailed deer consists primarily of shrubs. Sika are another species of deer that eat both grasses
and shrubs. After an extended drought period, why might the sika population be favored over the white-tailed deer
population?
A.
Sika require less food than do the white-tailed deer.
B.
Sika require more water than do the white-tailed deer.
C.
Sika have more food sources than do the white-tailed deer.
D. Sika have fewer food sources than do the white-tailed deer.
22.
Rainfall in a tropical region is below average for 10 consecutive years. Insect species adapted for dry conditions
are much more plentiful at the end of the 10 years. Which of the following statements best explains the increase
in the population of these insects?
A.
Biodiversity in the region has increased due to the dry conditions.
B.
Insects with a high tolerance for dry conditions have migrated out of the region.
C.
Natural selection has favored insect species with a high tolerance for dry conditions.
D. Natural selection has selected against insect species that are adapted for dry conditions.
page 10
Untitled Document
23.
According to this information, which group demonstrated the greatest biodiversity during the Cretaceous period?
A.
dinosaurs
B.
crocodilians
C.
page 11
snakes
D. lizards
Untitled Document
24.
The fossilized jawbones in the diagram above show the changes in organisms over time. According to the diagrams,
which of the following is a likely conclusion?
A.
These fossils provide evidence that evolution occurs rapidly.
B.
These fossils provide evidence that evolution occurs over long periods of time.
C.
These fossils belonged to organisms that were large and slow moving.
D. These fossils lack similar characteristics in their structural design.
25.
Wolves that live in snowy climates often prey on rabbits. Some rabbits can move quickly across deep snow because
they have large feet that don't sink into the snow. Rabbits without this adaptation move more slowly across the
snow. Explain how natural selection might cause the rabbit population to change over time.
page 12
Untitled Document
26.
The picture shows a prehistoric mammal called Ambulocetus. This animal lived almost 50 million years ago in
coastal waters. It used its back legs to swim in water and front legs to crawl on land. Scientists think that the
whale evolved from the Ambulocetus.
What information should they use to support their hypothesis?
A.
Extinction dates for the Ambulocetus
B.
Evidence of the Ambulocetus diet
C.
Comparison of the habitats of both animals.
D. Examination of the body structures of both animals.
27.
Whales are mammals that live in the ocean. They have nostrils, called blow holes, positioned at the tops of their
heads as shown. Fossil data indicate that whales evolved from a land mammal that had nostrils at the end of its
snout. The fossils clearly show that over time, nostrils moved from the snout to the top of the head, as seen in
modern whales.
Which statement explains why blow holes most likely provide an advantage for modern whales?
A.
They allow them to take in air less often.
B.
They allow them to inhale larger volumes of air.
C.
They allow them to use less energy while breathing.
D. They allow them to breathe oxygen dissolved in the water.
page 13
Untitled Document
28.
The Canyon spotted whiptail and the Sonoran spotted whiptail are lizard species that live in the same desert. The
Canyon spotted whiptail is composed of males and females that reproduce sexually. The Sonoran spotted whiptail
is an all-female species that reproduces asexually.
Canyon Spotted Whiptail
Sonoran Spotted Whiptail
Which lizard species is more likely to survive a drastic sudden change in climate?
A.
Sonoran spotted whiptail because all members of the species can reproduce
B.
The Sonoran spotted whiptail because their genetic similarities will keep the species stable
C.
The Canyon spotted whiptail because their genetic di erences improve their chances of adapting
D. The Canyon spotted whiptail because species with male and female members produce more o spring
page 14
Untitled Document
29.
The graph shows the length distribution at maturity for a population of sh. Policy makers are enacting regulations
that will require releasing all sh that are under 60 centimeters (cm) long back into the water.
Which graph best predicts how the sh population will change after ten generations as a result of this regulation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
page 15
Untitled Document
30.
Students studying a moth population in the woods in Kentucky found the distribution of moth wing color shown in
the graph below. The woods contained trees with bark that was mostly black.
Two years later a fungus attacked nearly all of the trees in the woods and the tree bark changed from black to
patches of gray and white. Which graph shows the probable distribution of moth wing color within the next few
years?
31.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Use the information below to answer the question that follows.
Planarian worms swim away from sources of light. One
explanation for this behavior is that in the dark their
planarian bodies are hidden from predators.
Which statement is another scienti cally reasonable explanation for the evolution of this behavior?
A.
Light causes planarians' body temperature to decrease.
B.
More carbon dioxide for the planarians is found in dark water.
C.
The planarians' food generally is found in dark regions.
D. Light pushes on the planarians and turns them around.
page 16
Untitled Document
32.
The diagram below represents part of the horse fossil record from three time periods. It includes illustrations of
the hooves and teeth of horses from each time period.
Which of the following statements is best supported by the horse fossil record?
33.
A.
The horse has been a carnivore.
B.
The horse has changed over time.
C.
The horse has many common ancestors.
D. The horse has lived in the same ecosystem.
About 300 million years ago, the land of Earth was in a single mass known as Pangaea, as shown in Figure A.
About 150 million years ago, Pangaea broke up nto the land masses shown in Figure B.
Based on the diagrams, which of the following were more likely to survive on continent X after the breakup of
Pangaea than before it broke apart?
A.
organisms that lived in fresh water
B.
organisms that required warm conditions
C.
organisms that hibernated for long periods
D. organisms that traveled great distances during migrations
page 17
Untitled Document
34.
One of the most common types of adaptations in plants involves the shape and structure of each plant's leaves.
The surface area of leaves is related to the amount of water a plant loses.
Based on this information, which of the following plants is probably best adapted for living in a hot, dry climate?
35.
A.
B.
C.
D.
There are two types of modern whales: toothed whales and baleen whales. Baleen whales lter plankton from
the water using baleen, plates made of brous proteins that grow from the roof of their mouths. The embryos of
baleen whales have teeth in their upper jaws. As the embryos develop, the teeth are replaced with baleen.
Which of the following conclusions is best supported by this information?
A.
Primitive whales had teeth as adults.
B.
Toothed whales descended from baleen whales.
C.
Baleen whales are evolving into toothed whales.
D. Descendants of modern baleen whales will have both teeth and baleen as adults.
page 18
Untitled Document
36.
The illustration below represents a marine iguana.
The marine iguanas of the Galapagos Islands feed on seaweed and algae. Marine iguanas have attened tails while
other species of iguanas that live inland on the Galapagos and on the South American mainland have rounded tails.
Which of the following best explains this di erence in tail shape?
A.
Flattened tails are better for swimming than rounded tails.
B.
Flattened tails move more easily on land than in the ocean.
C.
Flattened tails are harder for predators to grasp than rounded tails.
D. Flattened tails release heat more rapidly in the ocean than on land.
37.
European rabbits were introduced to Australia in 1859. The rabbits reproduced rapidly in their new habitat,
displaced other animals, and overgrazed vegetation. In an attempt to reduce the rabbit population, a virus was
introduced in 1951. This virus is usually deadly to European rabbits.
When the virus was rst introduced, the rabbits died in large numbers, but the death rate decreased over time.
Which of the following best explains the decrease in the rabbit death rate?
A.
Young rabbits learned to avoid being infected with this virus.
B.
Natural selection favored rabbits that are resistant to this virus.
C.
The lifespan of this virus is too short to a ect rabbits over a long period of time.
D. The rabbits that were originally infected with this virus have been dead for many years.
page 19
Untitled Document
38.
Dutch elm disease is a fungal infection of elm trees that usually results in death. The disease has killed millions
of North American elm trees that were not resistant to the fungus. Scientists have bred resistant elms by crossing
North American species with Asian species that show resistance.
Which of the following best describes how natural selection would promote resistant elm populations once the
resistance genes from the Asian species were successfully introduced?
A.
After encountering elms with resistance genes, fungi would avoid elms and begin to attack other tree species.
B.
Resistance would spread to all of the mature elms in a population from the few trees that acquired the
resistance genes.
C.
By reproducing with each other, elm trees with resistance genes would create super-resistant elms with twice
the number of resistance genes.
D. Elm trees with resistance genes would survive and pass on resistance to o spring, while trees without
resistance would more likely be killed by the fungus.
39.
On island chains like the one shown below, animal populations that spread from the main island to the other
islands can evolve into separate species.
Which of the following best explains what favors speciation in these situations?
A.
Predators on the main island can easily migrate to follow the populations to the other islands.
B.
Lack of disease on the other islands enables the populations to grow and change without limit.
C.
The physical separation of the islands limits gene ow and interbreeding between the populations.
D. The climatic conditions of the islands allow the populations to breed all year and produce several generations.
page 20
Untitled Document
40.
The illustration below shows several wild canine species that descended from a common canine ancestor.
As a result of natural selection, canine biodiversity increased as all of these species developed from a common
ancestor. Which of the following factors contributed most to the evolution of these diverse canine species?
A.
di erences in environment
B.
C.
inheritance of learned behaviors
D. interbreeding with unrelated species
page 21
selective breeding programs
Untitled Document
41.
The graph below represents the range of birth weights for o spring in a mammal population.
As is typical in many mammal populations, o spring with an average weight at birth have a higher survival rate
than o spring with a very low or very high birth weight. Based on this information, which of the following graphs
is the best prediction of what will happen to the range of birth weights in this population over time?
42.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Some male guppies show variation in their scale pattern. Male guppies can have a dull color that blends with the
sand on streambeds, or they can have large spots that are highly visible.
A researcher is studying a sandy portion of a particular stream where most of the male guppies have large spots.
A predatory sh species invades the area. The predatory sh nd the guppies primarily by sight.
Over time, which of the following is the most likely e ect of the predators on the male guppies' scale pattern?
A.
Most of the males will have large spots.
B.
Most of the males will have a dull color.
C.
Half of the males will have large spots and half of the males will have a dull color.
D. Half of the males will have even larger spots and half of the males will have smaller spots.
page 22
Untitled Document
43.
About 70 years ago, cane toads were introduced to Australia. The toads are toxic to some species of snakes, such
as Dendrelaphis punctulatus. The longer an individual snake is, the greater its chance of survival after eating a
cane toad.
Which of the following did scientists most likely observe in the D. punctulatus snake population as a result of the
presence of the cane toads?
A.
The entire population was killed by the toads.
B.
The entire population became resistant to the toads.
C.
The average body length in the population increased.
D. The average body length in the population decreased.
44. Antibiotic resistance can vary within a population of bacteria. The diagram below represents the changes in a
population of bacteria as a result of exposure to an antibiotic over time.
The changes in the population are most likely the result of which of the following?
A.
exponential growth
B.
genetic crosses
C.
page 23
immigration
D. natural selection
Untitled Document
45.
To investigate selective pressures on sh populations, researchers set up three identical tanks, labeled X, Y, and Z.
Each tank contained 1000 sh of the same species. Before the sh reproduced each generation, the researchers
removed sh from some of the tanks. The graph below shows the changes in the mean weight of the sh in each
tank over four generations.
Based on the graph, what did the researchers most likely do to tank Z each generation?
A.
The researchers removed the 900 smallest sh.
B.
C.
The researchers removed 900 sh at random.
D. The researchers removed none of the sh.
page 24
The researchers removed the 900 largest sh.
Untitled Document
46.
A species of parasitic y follows the sounds that male crickets make with their wings. The ies deposit their
larvae in the crickets' bodies. As the larvae develop and emerge from the crickets' bodies, the crickets die.
Researchers have discovered a genetic mutation in some crickets that changes their wing structure and makes them
silent. The crickets with silent wings are found among crickets with normal wings when it is time to mate.
According to evolution by natural selection, which of the following will most likely occur in the cricket population,
based on the selection pressure from the ies?
A.
Male crickets with silent wings will increase in frequency.
B.
The frequency of the silent wing mutation will stay the same.
C.
Male crickets with normal wings will learn to make new sounds.
D. A new mutation will create spikes on the crickets' wings to keep the ies away.
page 25
Untitled Document
47.
Use the information and pictures below to answer the following question(s).
Wild ponies have lived on Assateague Island for about 300 years. The ponies have become well adapted to
the harsh environment, including extreme temperatures in summer and winter. The ponies mainly eat salty
marsh grasses and grow thick fur in winter. Domestic horses are larger than the ponies. An Assateague pony
drinks twice as much fresh water as a domestic horse does. Other organisms on the island include rodents,
birds, small foxes, marsh grasses, mussels, and deer.
Assateague Pony
Domestic Horse
Why have the ponies developed a coat of thick fur?
A.
to stay warm
B.
C.
to prepare them to nd mates
D. to protect them from predators
page 26
to help them swim
Untitled Document
48.
Use the information and the table below to answer the following question(s).
A scientist studied iguanas on the Galapagos Islands. He discovered two species of iguanas that live in
di erent habitats and display very di erent behaviors. His observations are listed in the table below.
OBSERVATIONS OF TWO SPECIES OF IGUANAS
Marine Iguana
spends most of its time in the ocean
is never found more than 10 yards from the
shore
eats mainly marine algae
Land Iguana
spends most of its time on land
is found far inland
eats cacti and other land plants
Which of these is a correct statement about the two species of iguanas?
A.
Both species of iguanas arose through the process of succession.
B.
The two species of iguanas occupy two distinct niches.
C.
The two species of iguanas occupy overlapping niches.
D. The marine iguana is a scavenger, and the land iguana is an omnivore.
49.
Students collected leaves from four maple trees. They measured the length and width of each leaf. Then they
calculated the average values for each tree. The data are shown in the table below.
LEAF SIZE OF MAPLE TREES
Tree
Average
Length (cm)
Average
Width (cm)
2
10.0
5.0
4
15.0
1
3
16.0
9.0
19.0
10.0
8.0
According to the data, which tree has a selective advantage in capturing sunlight?
A.
50.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D. 4
Use the information below to answer the following question(s).
The largest ower in the world, called a ra esia, is three feet wide and weighs up to 36 pounds. The
ra esia has no roots, stems, or leaves. It lives on and takes nourishment from a vine called tetrastigma. The
ra esia harms the vine.
The seeds of the ra esia are dispersed in an unusual way. Plantain squirrels and tree shrews eat parts of the
ra esia plant. Scientists observe that when the animals chew the ra esia, seeds get caught in their teeth.
The animals will then chew on tetrastigma vines, leaving the seeds where they can germinate.
Ra esia owers produce the smell of rotting esh. This smell attracts ies. When the ies land on the owers,
the pollen attaches to them. The ies then transport the pollen to other owers.
Producing a smell to attract ies an example of
A.
parasitism
B.
adaptation
C.
page 27
replication
D. predation
Untitled Document
51.
Fruit ies have 3 chromosomes plus sex chromosomes (X and Y). Mutations occurred within four di erent cells of
an individual female fruit y as shown in the table below.
Which of these mutations could be passed on to this fruit y's o spring?
A.
absent eyes
B.
curly wings
C.
yellow body
D. leg-shaped antennae
52.
The chart shows four alleles at the same locus that a ect rabbits' coat color. Each allele is dominant to the ones
below it. Rabbits with an albino or Himalayan coat are more susceptible to predators. Which of the following
genotypes will produce a rabbit that is least likely to survive?
A.
cch c
B.
Cc
C.
page 28
ch c
D. Cch
Untitled Document
53.
In human beings, earlobes can be free or attached. Some people can roll their tongues while others cannot.
The genotype and phenotype of two parents are shown below.
Which trait cannot be transferred by this mother?
A.
54.
B.
Attached earlobes
C.
Cannot roll tongue
D. Can roll tongue
Which trait will all of the o spring of the cross shown above exhibit?
A.
55.
Free earlobes
Can roll tongue
B.
Cannot roll tongue
C.
Attached earlobes
.
Children would not be able to roll their tongues if they inherited a
A.
t allele from both parents
B.
T allele from both parents
C.
T allele from the mother and the t allele from the father
D. Free earlobes
D. t allele from the mother and the T from the father
Dog Data
56.
Dog
1
2
Sleeping
Location
Box
Rug
Collar
Color
Blue
Green
Coat Color
Brown
Black
Type of
Food
Canned
Dry Pellets
If these two dogs have puppies together, which of the following will most likely be passed on to the puppies?
A.
Sleeping location
B.
Collar color
C.
page 29
Coat color
D. Type of food
Untitled Document
57.
Use the pedigree below to answer the following question.
Which cross provides conclusive evidence that short ngers are recessive to long ngers?
A.
the cross between individuals 1 and 2
B.
C.
the cross between individuals 5 and 6
D. the cross between individuals 7 and 8
page 30
the cross between individuals 3 and 4
Untitled Document
58.
Rayna is collecting seeds from a sun ower. She notices that most of the leaves on the sun ower plant have
patterns of holes made by chewing insects, as shown in the picture below.
Next year, she will plant the sun ower seeds that she has collected. How many of the sun ower plants that grow
are expected to inherit the chewed leaf pattern?
A.
59.
all of the plants
B.
most of the plants
C.
half of the plants
D. none of the plants
The gures below represent two chromosomes from an animal.
Using the table below that describes the traits carried on Chromosome #6, which trait can the animal inherit only
from its mother?
Genes on
Chromosome #6
H
long hair
h
short hair
B
b
A.
long hair
Trait
black hair
white hair
B.
black hair
C.
page 31
white hair
D. short hair
Untitled Document
60.
The picture below shows two dogs and their puppies.
The parent dogs are each heterozygous for two traits: fur color and white spotting. Both parent dogs are solid
black. Their puppies, however, have four di erent phenotypes as listed below
solid black
black with white spots
solid red
red with white spots
Which of the following explains how these parent dogs can produce puppies with these four phenotypes?
A.
The genes for these traits aresex-linked.
B.
The genes for these traitsmutate frequently.
C.
The genes for these traitsassort independently.
D. The genes for these traits areon the same chromosome.
page 32
Untitled Document
61.
The diagram below represents a cell. The letters in the diagram represent alleles for two di erent genetic traits.
According to Mendel's law of independent assortment, which of the following shows all of the allele combinations
expected in gametes produced by this cell?
62.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Within an individual mouse, four di erent mutations occurred in di erent genes, located on separate chromosomes
and in di erent cells, as shown in the table below.
Which of these mutations could be passed on to the mouse's o spring?
A.
white fur
B.
blue eyes
C.
page 33
thin fur
D. short tail
Untitled Document
63.
In fruit ies, a single gene controls wing phenotype. The diagram below shows the phenotypes for long wings and
vestigial wings in fruit ies.
Two fruit ies that have long wings are crossed. Of the 95 o spring produced, 73 have long wings. The other
22 have vestigial wings.
Which of the following conclusions about the inheritance of long wings and vestigial wings is best supported by
the results of this experiment?
A.
The alleles for long wings and vestigial wings are sex-linked.
B.
The alleles for long wings and vestigial wings are codominant.
C.
The allele for long wings is dominant and the allele for vestigial wings is recessive.
D. The allele for long wings is recessive and the allele for vestigial wings is dominant.
64. The pedigree below shows the occurrence of red-green colorblindness in four generations of a family. Use the
information in the pedigree to answer the following question(s).
In generation IV, individual 5 married someone who is not a carrier of red-green colorblindness. If they have a
female child, what is the chance that she will be born with red-green colorblindness?
A.
0%
B.
25%
C.
page 34
50%
D. 100%
Untitled Document
65.
In humans, the trait for having a second toe that is longer than the big toe (T) is dominant; the trait for having a
second toe that is shorter than the big toe (t) is recessive. The two traits are shown in the gure below.
Dominant Trait
Recessive Trait
A family has eight children. Six children have second toes that are longer than the big toe. Two children have
second toes that are shorter than the big toe. What are the most likely genotypes of the parents?
A.
66.
Tt and Tt
B.
Tt and tt
C.
TT and tt
D. TT and TT
Use the information and the table below to answer the following question(s).
A group of students wanted to determine how the ability to taste PTC, a nontoxic chemical, is passed from
one generation to the next. The students decided to test families in their community for this ability. The
students gave each family member a paper strip coated with a small amount of PTC. Those who experienced
the bitter taste of PTC when they touched the paper strips to their tongues were called “tasters”; those who
could not taste the PTC were called “nontasters.”
The results of the experiment are shown in the table below.
Which of these explains how two taster parents could produce a nontaster child?
A.
Both parents are heterozygous and produce a homozygous recessive child.
B.
Both parents are homozygous recessive and produce a homozygous dominant child.
C.
Both parents are heterozygous and produce a heterozygous child.
D. Both parents are homozygous dominant and produce a homozygous recessive child.
page 35
Untitled Document
67.
Based on the data the students collected, the allele for tasting PTC is most likely
A.
68.
dominant
B.
heterozygous
C.
recessive
D. sex-linked
The picture below shows a ower.
Which owers are most likely its parents?
A.
B.
C.
D.
page 36
Untitled Document
69.
In humans, earlobe size can be considered attached or unattatched. The following describes earlobe type:
Attached earlobe: bottom portion of earlobe is attached directly to head
Unattached earlobe: bottom portion of earlobe slopes upward before attaching to head
Unattached earlobe (E) are dominant to attached (e). The following family pedigree shows which individuals have
unattached or attached earlobes.
Family Pedigree Showing Earlobe Trait
Key
= male
= female
Family members 4 and 5 in Generation II are expecting twins.
Which of these summarizes gender and earlobe appearance of these two o spring?
A.
The o spring both will be male with attached earlobes.
B.
The o spring both will be female with unattached earlobes.
C.
The gender of the o spring is unknown, and both will have attached earlobes.
D. The gender of the o spring is unknown; one will have attached earlobes, and the other will have unattached
earlobes.
page 37
Untitled Document
70.
Lisa notices that her pet rabbits have similar fur color to their parents. Lisa draws the following diagram to show
how fur color passes from the parents to the o spring.
Which o spring description will complete the diagram?
A.
O spring receives two DNA strands from each parent.
DNA strands contain chromosomes.
Chromosomes from Parent 1 determine appearance of fur.
B.
O spring receives half of DNA strand from each parent.
Each half of DNA strand connects to form chromosome.
One chromosome determines appearance of fur.
C.
O spring receives a set of two chromosomes, one from each parent.
Chromosomes contain DNA strands.
DNA strands contain genes.
A pair of genes determines appearance of fur.
D.
O spring receives a set of two chromosomes, one from each parent.
Chromosomes contain genes.
Genes contain DNA strands.
Two sets of DNA strands determine appearance of fur.
page 38
Untitled Document
71.
A strand of mRNA containing the repeating sequence AAGAAGAAGAAG could code for which of the following
amino acid sequences?
A.
72.
lys–arg–glu–lys
B.
ser–ser–glu–glu
C.
lys–arg–lys–arg
D. lys–lys–lys–lys
A scientist puts nucleotide chains of UUUUUU in a test tube under conditions allowing protein synthesis. Soon the
test tube is full of polypeptide chains composed of only the amino acid phenylalanine. What does this experiment
indicate?
A.
The amino acid phenylalanine is composed of uracil.
B.
UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine.
C.
Protein synthesis malfunctions in test tubes.
D. Most proteins contain only one type of amino acid.
page 39
Untitled Document
73.
The diagram below shows the procedure scientists used to clone a frog from the nucleus of a skin cell.
This procedure is evidence that
.
A.
the nuclei of the skin cells protect the frog
B.
only skin cells can be used to clone a frog
C.
the skin cells are the reproductive cells of the frog
D. the nuclei of skin cells contain all the DNA needed for a new frog
74.
What is the relationship between the three structures in the diagram above?
A.
DNA is produced by protein which is produced in the cell.
B.
Protein is composed of DNA which is produced in the cell.
C.
DNA controls the production of protein in the cell.
D. A cell is composed only of DNA and protein.
page 40
Untitled Document
75.
Blight is a plant disease caused by a fungus that a ects potato plants. Some wild breeds of potato have natural
resistance to the fungus. These wild potatoes contain chemical compounds that cause them to taste bad. Scientists
are trying to produce potato plants that are resistant to blight but still produce potatoes that taste good.
The development of a blight-resistant potato breed might be good for the environment because the new potato
breed will need
.
A.
76.
less water
B.
less fertilizer
C.
less fungicide
D. less eld space
The table shows which mRNA codons code for various amino acids.
Which amino acid sequence will be produced by translation of the mRNA sequence UAC UCU ACC?
A.
Asn – Pro – Thr
B.
Thr – Pro – Asn
C.
page 41
Thr – Ser – Tyr
D. Tyr – Ser – Thr
Untitled Document
77.
78.
Which of the following models most accurately represents the structure of DNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The messenger RNA codes for six di erent amino acids are shown in the table below.
MESSENGER RNA CODES
FOR AMINO ACIDS
Amino Acid
Messenger RNA Codes
Arginine
CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG
Cysteine
UGU, UGC
Glutamic acid
GAA, GAG
Serine
AGU, AGC
Leucine
Valine
CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG
GUU, GUC, GUA, GUG
In one type of mutated gene for hemoglobin, CAC has replaced the normal CTC in the DNA code. What amino
acid substitution has taken place in the mutated hemoglobin?
A.
Serine has replaced leucine.
B.
C.
Valine has replaced glutamic acid.
D. Cysteine has replaced glutamic acid.
page 42
Arginine has replaced leucine.
Untitled Document
79.
The diagram below shows the key steps for making proteins. Use the diagram to answer the following question(s).
According to the diagram, in which step is messenger RNA being constructed?
A.
80.
B.
II
C.
III
D. IV
II
C.
III
D. IV
II
C.
III
D. IV
Which step involves transfer RNA?
A.
81.
I
I
B.
Which step involves ribosomes?
A.
I
B.
page 43
Untitled Document
82.
A researcher recently discovered a species of bacteria. DNA sequences were obtained from it and from several
other species of bacteria. The DNA sequences came from the same part of the bacterial chromosome of each
species.
According to the data above, the unknown bacteria are most closely related to which species?
A.
83.
Species I
B.
Species II
C.
Species III
D. Species IV
Use the information below to answer the following question(s).
Scientists genetically modi ed a variety of corn to protect it against pests like the corn borer. The corn borer is an
insect caterpillar that feeds on the corn stalk, which weakens the stalk and makes it fall over. A new gene in the
genetically modi ed corn causes the plant to produce a chemical that is toxic to the corn borer. Some people are
concerned that the genetically modi ed corn could harm other insects such as the monarch butter y caterpillar.
The monarch caterpillar eats leaves of milkweed plants that might be coated with toxic corn pollen. However, not
all researchers agree with the concerns regarding the monarch butter y caterpillar. They state that it is unusual for
large amounts of harmful corn pollen to be found on milkweed leaves. Also, only a small percentage of caterpillars
feed on the milkweed plants near corn elds.
Which was most likely introduced into corn that made it pest-resistant?
A.
gene
B.
lipid
C.
page 44
toxin
D. protein
Untitled Document
84.
The diagram below explains why o spring are more similar to their parents than to other organisms, even though
all organisms are made of the same basic substances.
Which statement is the best information to include in the third box in the diagram?
A.
RNA is a substance that forms a copy of the DNA.
B.
Every di erent sequence of amino acids makes a unique protein.
C.
Proteins vary in structure more than any other type of organic molecule.
D. DNA consists of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus atoms.
page 45
Untitled Document
85.
This chart represents amino acids that are coded from di erent combinations of mRNA codons.
Which amino acid sequence can be coded from the DNA sequence CAG TAG CGA?
A.
Valine — Isoleucine — Glycine
B.
C.
Valine — Isoleucine — Alanine
D. Valine — Phenylalanine — Alanine
page 46
Valine — Aspartic Acid — Alanine
Untitled Document
86.
The gure below shows the classi cation of several types of prairie dogs.
Which of the following statements is best supported by the classi cation in this gure?
A.
The Utah prairie dog was the ancestor of the Gunnison's prairie dog.
B.
The White-tailed prairie dog evolved from the Black-tailed prairie dog.
C.
The Mexican prairie dog and the Utah prairie dog share a common ancestor.
D. The Mexican prairie dog is the closest relative of the White-tailed prairie dog.
87.
One piece of evidence that supports the modern theory of evolution is the presence of similar structures that serve
di erent functions in di erent organisms.
Human Arm
Bat Wing
Bird Wing
Insect Wing
Insect Leg
Human Leg
Lizard Claw
Bird Beak
Which pair of features shown are similar structures that are serving di erent functions?
A.
Human arm and bat wing
B.
C.
Bird wing and insect wing
D. Lizard claw and bird beak
page 47
Insect leg and human leg
Untitled Document
88.
The drawings below show skulls of three modern animals.
The three skulls all share characteristics with a fossil skull of an extinct seal (not shown) that is believed to be
23 million years old. What conclusion can be drawn about the relationship between the three modern animals and
the fossil?
A.
They are all the same species.
B.
C.
They share the same food supply.
D. They are all 23 million years old.
page 48
They share a common ancestor.
Untitled Document
89.
The diagram below shows the evolutionary relationship of several primates.
Based on the diagram, which of the following statements is true?
A.
Lemurs were the most recent to evolve.
B.
Gorillas evolved directly from chimpanzees.
C.
Spider monkeys and lemurs evolved at the same time.
D. Gorillas and baboons evolved from a common ancestor.
page 49
Untitled Document
90.
A student researching bears found the chart below in a textbook. The chart shows the
Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the data given in this chart?
A.
Modern bears evolved from species that are now extinct.
B.
The short-faced bear was the ancestor of the Asiatic black bear.
C.
Present day bear species are more closely related than their ancestors were.
D. Natural selection favored the brown bear over the American black bear.
page 50
Untitled Document
91.
Use the information below to answer the following question(s).
A scientist is studying a group of related owering plants. She set up a series of experiments to study
relatedness, classi cation, and patterns of inheritance within this group of plants.
To study the relatedness among plants, the scientist compared a speci c RNA sequence in four di erent species of
plants. The results are shown in the table below.
Which two species are most closely related?
A.
1 and 3
B.
1 and 4
C.
page 51
2 and 3
D. 2 and 4
Untitled Document
92.
Use the information and the table below to answer the following question(s).
Mammals, birds, modern reptiles, and theropod dinosaurs are vertebrates. The table below shows some of the
di erences and similarities among these groups of vertebrates.
According to the table, which of these vertebrates are most closely related?
A.
mammals and modern reptiles
B.
C.
mammals and theropod dinosaurs
D. birds and theropod dinosaurs
page 52
theropod dinosaurs and modern reptiles
Untitled Document
93.
Use the information and the food web below to answer the following question(s).
Shallow coastal waters provide an essential habitat to a variety of plants and animals. A small part of a coastal
food web is shown below.
COASTAL FOOD WEB
Which of these characteristics would provide the best evidence to determine if menhaden and striped bass are
closely related?
A.
They are both cold-blooded.
B.
C.
They both live in coastal waters.
D. They have similar DNA sequences.
page 53
They occupy the same trophic level.
Untitled Document
94.
The diagram below depicts the DNA ngerprints of four sh species.
Which two species of ish are most closely related?
A.
1 and 4
B.
1 and 2
C.
2 and 3
D. 3 and 4
95.
Look at the animals above. Which two are most alike? Explain your answer. Give at least two reasons for your
answer.
Write your answer below.
page 54
Untitled Document
96.
The following diagram is found in an evolutionary biology textbook.
This branching tree diagram is most likely used to represent the theory that suggests
A.
new species arise throughout time following rounds of mass extinction.
B.
all species share a common ancestor and that change occurs through time.
C.
speciation occurs very quickly with long periods of no change in between.
D. all species originated during the same period and some have subsequently gone extinct.
97.
Living plants and sh are shown below.
These plants are providing the sh with
A.
water.
B.
light.
C.
page 55
oxygen.
D. carbon dioxide.
Untitled Document
98.
Where do you think this bird would most likely live? Explain how two of the bird's features help it survive in that
type of habitat.
99.
A ship in the middle of the ocean runs out of fresh drinking water. How could some fresh drinking water be
made from the ocean water?
100.
Meat-Eaters and Plant-Eaters
Characteristics such as head shape, eye position, and type of teeth help scientists decide if fossilized animal remains
come from a meat-eater or a plant-eater.
Look at the pictures above. Describe which animal was a meat-eater and which was a plant-eater. Use each
animal's characteristics to explain your answer.
page 56
Untitled Document
Problem-Attic format version 4.4.202
c 2011–2013 EducAide Software
_
Licensed for use by Diane Buchi
Terms of Use at www.problem-attic.com
Untitled Document
02/12/2014
1.
Answer:
B
21.
Answer:
C
2.
Answer:
C
22.
Answer:
C
23.
Answer:
D
B
3.
Answer:
4.
Answer:
C
24.
Answer:
5.
Answer:
B
25.
Answer:
6.
Answer:
A
26.
Answer:
D
7.
Answer:
D
27.
Answer:
C
8.
Answer:
C
28.
Answer:
C
9.
Answer:
A
29.
Answer:
B
10.
Answer:
B
30.
Answer:
D
11.
Answer:
A
31.
Answer:
C
12.
Answer:
B
32.
Answer:
B
13.
Answer:
C
33.
Answer:
B
14.
Answer:
A
34.
Answer:
C
15.
Answer:
B
35.
Answer:
A
16.
Answer:
A
36.
Answer:
A
17.
Answer:
A
37.
Answer:
B
18.
Answer:
D
38.
Answer:
D
19.
Answer:
C
39.
Answer:
C
20.
Answer:
C
40.
Answer:
A
Teacher's Key
41.
Answer:
C
64.
Answer:
42.
Answer:
B
65.
Answer:
A
43.
Answer:
C
66.
Answer:
A
44.
Answer:
D
67.
Answer:
A
45.
Answer:
A
68.
Answer:
C
46.
Answer:
A
47.
Answer:
69.
Answer:
C
A
48.
Answer:
70.
Answer:
C
B
49.
Answer:
71.
Answer:
D
C
50.
Answer:
72.
Answer:
B
B
51.
Answer:
73.
Answer:
D
B
52.
Answer:
74.
Answer:
C
53.
Answer:
75.
Answer:
C
D
54.
Answer:
76.
Answer:
D
D
55.
Answer:
77.
Answer:
A
A
56.
Answer:
78.
Answer:
C
C
57.
Answer:
79.
Answer:
B
C
58.
Answer:
80.
Answer:
D
D
59.
Answer:
81.
Answer:
D
A
60.
Answer:
82.
Answer:
D
C
61.
Answer:
83.
Answer:
A
C
62.
Answer:
84.
Answer:
B
B
63.
Answer:
85.
Answer:
C
C
Page 2
Teacher's Key
86.
Answer:
C
87.
Answer:
A
88.
Answer:
B
89.
Answer:
D
90.
Answer:
A
91.
Answer:
D
92.
Answer:
D
93.
Answer:
D
94.
Answer:
A
95.
Answer:
Two animals are grouped with an
appropriate explanation of at least two
correct factors, which only they have
in common. In addition, there may be
common factors listed. All information
given is correct.
I.e., Horse and cat are alike because they
walk on all fours and give live births.
96.
Answer:
B
97.
Answer:
C
98.
Answer:
99.
Answer:
Identi es that the bird (duck) lives near
water and correctly explains how two
structures allow it to live near water,
e.g., webbed feet for swimming, beak for
eating plants; or any other scienti cally
accurate response.
Heat water to boiling and condense and
collect the steam; collect condensed water
(as on a cold surface) that has evaporated
from the water or any other scienti cally
valid method that uses ocean water.
100.
Answer:
Page 3
The left fossil was a meat-eater because
of it¡s sharp pointed teeth. The sharp
pointed teeth make it a meat-eater
because a meat-eater needs sharp teeth to
tear meat o its prey. Also the left fossil
is a meat-eater because it has eyes in
the front of its head. That makes it a
meat-eater because most meater-eaters
hunt so they need eyes in the front of
their heads so they can nd prey easier.
The right fossil is a plant-eater because it
has eyes on the sides of its head. A
planteater needs eyes on the sides of its
head so it can watch out for incoming
predators . Also, the right fossil is a
plant-eater because it doesn¡t have sharp
pointed teeth. A plant eater needs at,
molar-like teeth so it can grind up plants.