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http://www.learning-connections.co.uk/curric/cur_pri/h_body/handson/answers/hands_1.html http://hes.ucfsd.org/gclaypo/skelweb/skel01.html http://www.purposegames.com/game/1009 http://www.purposegames.com/game/bones-of-the-body-quiz http://www.ivy-rose.co.uk/HumanBody/Muscles/Anterior_Muscles.php http://www.purposegames.com/game/431 http://www.purposegames.com/game/muscles-of-the-anterior-surface-of-the-body-quiz http://www.purposegames.com/game/posterior-surface-muscles-game The skeletal system The framework of the body and is considered external armor. Your skeletal system is all of the bones in the body and the tissues such as tendons, ligaments, and cartilage that connects them. Your teeth are also considered part of the skeletal system but are not counted as bones. Teeth are made of enamel – one of the strongest substances in the body. Use of skeletal system Support The main job is to provide support. Without bones our bodies would collapse into a puddle of skin and guts on the floor. Protection Skeleton helps protect your internal organs and fragile body tissues. Skull (Cranium) protects brain and eyes, ribs protect your heart and lungs, vertebrae (Spine/Backbones) protects your spinal cord. Movement Bones provide structure for muscles to attach so our bodies are able to move. Tendons – tough inelastic bands that hold attach muscle to bone. Ligaments – tough inelastic bands that hold bone to bone. Number of bones Who has more bones? Babies have more bones than adults. At birth we have about 300 bones. As you grow older, small bones join together to make big ones. Adults end up with about 206 bones. Are bones alive? Absolutely. They have their own nerves and blood vessels. They store body minerals like calcium to keep them strong. Bones are made of a mix of hard stuff that gives them strength and tons of living cells which help them grow and repair. What are bones made Of? Bones are made of a hard outer layer of compact bone, which is very strong, dense and tough. Inside the bone is made up of a layer of spongy bone, which is like honeycomb, lighter and slightly flexible. The middle of some bones is a jelly-like substance where new cells are constantly being produced for the blood called Bone Marrow. Calcium is an important mineral that bone cells need to stay strong. How bones break and heal Bones are very tough and difficult to break. Bones will bend a little, but if you fall the wrong way and put enough force on them they can break. Fracture – a broken bone. Compound Fracture – broken bone sticking out of the skins Stress Fracture – a crack in the bone that runs the length of the bone. Luckily, bones are made of living cells. So when you break a bone your bones will produce lots of new cells to rebuild the bone. X-Rays and healthy bones X-Rays – a way of taking a picture of a body part to see if a bone is broken. It uses radiation to pass through the bone which contains calcium. Calcuim does not let much radiation through and results in white images on the film. X-Ray Technician – person who takes the x-ray Radiologist – doctor who reads and makes sense of the x-ray. They along with other doctors will discuss what is going on with you. Keeping bones healthy by regular exercise will help bones get stronger.. Using protective gear while doing activities will help protect bones and keep the safe. Eating foods high in calcium will help bones harden and become strong. Joints 3 types of connective tissue The skeleton has over 200 joints in the body. 1. Ligaments – strong inelastic bands of connective tissue that help hold bones together at joints. Joints allow bones to move by bending, twisting, stretching, running, jumping, and skipping. Prevent dislocation of bones and limit the range of motion. Wrist and hands have about 80 joints allowing you to tie your shoes, hold a fork, play video games, etc. 2. Tendons – strong inelastic banks of connective tissue that help hold muscle to bone at a given joint. * They respond to a muscle contraction and pull the bones into action 3. Cartilage – a cushion that protects bones at a joint. It keeps the bones from rubbing against each other and wearing down the bone. In between each vertebrae in your back are discs made of cartilage and your nose and ears are formed by cartilage.