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http://www.learning-connections.co.uk/curric/cur_pri/h_body/handson/answers/hands_1.html
http://hes.ucfsd.org/gclaypo/skelweb/skel01.html
http://www.purposegames.com/game/1009
http://www.purposegames.com/game/bones-of-the-body-quiz
http://www.ivy-rose.co.uk/HumanBody/Muscles/Anterior_Muscles.php
http://www.purposegames.com/game/431
http://www.purposegames.com/game/muscles-of-the-anterior-surface-of-the-body-quiz
http://www.purposegames.com/game/posterior-surface-muscles-game
The skeletal system
 The framework of the body and is considered external
armor.
 Your skeletal system is all of the bones in the body and
the tissues such as tendons, ligaments, and cartilage
that connects them.
 Your teeth are also considered part of the skeletal
system but are not counted as bones. Teeth are made
of enamel – one of the strongest substances in the
body.
Use of skeletal system
 Support
 The main job is to provide support. Without bones our bodies
would collapse into a puddle of skin and guts on the floor.
 Protection
 Skeleton helps protect your internal organs and fragile body tissues.
 Skull (Cranium) protects brain and eyes, ribs protect your heart and
lungs, vertebrae (Spine/Backbones) protects your spinal cord.
 Movement
 Bones provide structure for muscles to attach so our bodies are able
to move.
 Tendons – tough inelastic bands that hold attach muscle to bone.
 Ligaments – tough inelastic bands that hold bone to bone.
Number of bones
 Who has more bones?
 Babies have more bones than adults.
 At birth we have about 300 bones.
 As you grow older, small bones join together to make big
ones.
 Adults end up with about 206 bones.
 Are bones alive?
 Absolutely. They have their own nerves and blood vessels.
 They store body minerals like calcium to keep them strong.
 Bones are made of a mix of hard stuff that gives them
strength and tons of living cells which help them grow and
repair.
What are bones made Of?
 Bones are made of a hard outer layer of compact
bone, which is very strong, dense and tough.
 Inside the bone is made up of a layer of spongy bone,
which is like honeycomb, lighter and slightly flexible.
 The middle of some bones is a jelly-like substance
where new cells are constantly being produced for the
blood called Bone Marrow.
 Calcium is an important mineral that bone cells need
to stay strong.
How bones break and heal
 Bones are very tough and difficult to break.
 Bones will bend a little, but if you fall the wrong way
and put enough force on them they can break.
Fracture – a broken bone.
Compound Fracture – broken bone sticking out of the
skins
Stress Fracture – a crack in the bone that runs the
length of the bone.
 Luckily, bones are made of living cells. So when you
break a bone your bones will produce lots of new cells
to rebuild the bone.
X-Rays and healthy bones
X-Rays – a way of taking a picture of a body part to see if a bone is
broken.
 It uses radiation to pass through the bone which contains calcium.
Calcuim does not let much radiation through and results in white
images on the film.
X-Ray Technician – person who takes the x-ray
Radiologist – doctor who reads and makes sense of the x-ray. They
along with other doctors will discuss what is going on with you.
 Keeping bones healthy by regular exercise will help bones get stronger..
 Using protective gear while doing activities will help protect bones and
keep the safe.
 Eating foods high in calcium will help bones harden and become
strong.
Joints
3 types of connective tissue  The skeleton has over 200 joints in the body.
1. Ligaments – strong inelastic bands of connective tissue that help hold bones together
at joints.
 Joints allow bones to move by bending, twisting, stretching, running, jumping, and
skipping.
 Prevent dislocation of bones and limit the range of motion.
 Wrist and hands have about 80 joints allowing you to tie your shoes, hold a fork, play
video games, etc.
2. Tendons – strong inelastic banks of connective tissue that help hold muscle to bone at
a given joint.
* They respond to a muscle contraction and pull the bones into action
3. Cartilage – a cushion that protects bones at a joint. It keeps the bones from rubbing
against each other and wearing down the bone.
 In between each vertebrae in your back are discs made of cartilage and your nose and ears
are formed by cartilage.