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AP Biology Summer Assignment Students must complete this assignment by the first week of school in September 2011. Students will receive a grade for the assignment and they may be able to use this assignment on the first exam. You must use the textbook to complete the assignment. Be sure to explain concepts in your own words and the assignment must be handwritten. The assignment is on my website, which can be accessed using the NHS High School homepage You are expected to read chapters 6, and 26-34 and complete the attached assignment. Completion of this summer assignment allows us to cover more of the material covered on the AP Biology exam. You are responsible for any information from the assigned reading, now or during the school year. Complete the Self quiz at the end of each chapter. After completing the questions, check your answers from the key in Appendix 1. The assignment covers the Topic of Cells & Classification of Organisms (Chapters 6 & Units 5 & 6) I have read and understand the details of the AP Biology summer assignment for the summer of 2011. I understand that the work must be completed individually. I understand that I can contact Ms. Procaccino via email during the summer if I have questions. I understand that I will be tested on the summer assignment material during the first week of the 2011-2012 school year. Student Name:________________________________________________________________________Summer Email:_________________________________________________ Grade for the 2011-2012 school year (circle one): Sophmore Junior Senior Signature of Student:________________________________________________________________________Date:_________________ Parent Signature: ________________________________________________________________________Date:_________________ Please look forward to a fun and challenging year in AP Biology! Sincerely, Christine Procaccino AP Biology Teacher [email protected] Cells (Unit 2~ Chapter 6) ~ Comparing Cell Parts in Eukaryotic Cells vs Eukaryotic cells Complete the table below Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic Cell Genetic Material Types of organelles (provide examples) Size Examples Cells (Unit 2~ Chapter 6) ~ Comparing Cell Parts in Eukaryotic Cells vs Eukaryotic cells Complete the table below Plant Cell Presence of a cell wall Types of organelles (provide examples) Shape Animal Cell Cells (Unit 2~ Chapter 6) ~ Cell Parts in Eukaryotic Cells Complete the table below Organelle Nucleoid Chromatin Nucleolus Smooth ER Rough ER Gologi Apparatus Mitochondria Function Found in Animal Cells (A)/Plant Cells (P) or Both (A& P) Peroxisomes Cytoskeleton Microtubules Microfilaments Lysosomes Centrioles Flagella Cilia Biodiversity (Unit 5)~ Classification/Taxonomy/Systematics The 3 Domains : Describe the 3 domains of life Chapters 26-34 Domain Eukarya Eubacteria Archaebacteria Characteristics Examples (provide 3 examples of each ) Kingdoms: Describe the 6 kingdoms of life Chapters 26-34 Kingdom Protist (Chapter 28) Fungi (Chapter 31) Plants (Chapter 29-30) Mode of Nutrition Cell Wall~ if yes, describe the composition Reproduction Examples Kingdom Animal (Chapter 32-34) Archaebacteria (Chapter 27) Eubacteria (Chapter 27) Mode of Nutrition Cell Wall~ if yes, describe the composition Reproduction Examples Animal groups: Describe the following groups of animals Chapters 32-34 Animal Group Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Symmetry (none, radial, or bilaterial ) Coelom (yes/no) Segmentation (yes/no) Body (soft body, endoskeleton, or exoskeleton) # Gut openings Examples Animal Group Nematoda Molluska Annelida Symmetry (none, radial, or bilaterial ) Coelom (yes/no) Segmentation (yes/no) Body (soft body, endoskeleton, or exoskeleton) # Gut openings Examples Animal Group Arthropoda Echinodermata Chordata Symmetry (none, radial, or bilaterial ) Coelom (yes/no) Segmentation (yes/no) Body (soft body, endoskeleton, or exoskeleton) # Gut openings Examples Vertebrates: Describe the groups of vertebrates Chapter 34 Vertebrate Groups Fish Amphibian Reptiles Describe Body (ie. Scales, skin) Gas exchange (ie. Lungs, gills) # of Heart Chambers Ectoderm/ Endoderm Fertilization (internal or external) Development (internal or external) Eggs/placental Other Examples Vertebrate Groups Birds Mammals Describe Body (ie. Scales, skin) Gas exchange (ie. Lungs, gills) # of Heart Chambers Ectoderm/E ndoderm Fertilization (internal or external) Development (internal or external) Eggs/placental Other Examples Mammals~Chapter 34 Describe the 3 groups of mammals Mammal Subgroup Monotremes Marsupials Placentals Characteristics Examples Plant Groups: Describe the groups of plants Chapters 29-30, 35-39 Plant Group Bryophytes Pteridophytes Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular System Dominant Gametophyte or Sporophte Reproduction Examples Cell Parts Questions Word Bank~ each letter may be used more than once. A. Nucleus G. Nucleolis B. Chromatin H. Lysosome C. Ribosomes I. Vaculole D. Golgi Body J. Vesicle E. Chloroplast K. Cell Wall 1. ______ Site of protein synthesis 6. ______ Rigid outer layer of plant cells 2. ______Stores, packages and secretes proteins 7. ______ Storage for food and water 3. ______ Carries hereditary information 8. ______ Powerhouse of the cell 4. ______ The control centre of the cell 9. ______ Site of photosynthesis 5. ______ Jelly-like fluid in the cell 10. ______ Filled with digestive enzymes F. Mitochondrion L. Cytoplasm Write T in the blank below if the statement is true. Write F in the blank if the statement is false. _____11. The cytoplasm is the site of RNA production. _____16. Ribosomes are found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. _____12. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of cells. _____17. Vacuoles are usually very tiny in both plant and animal cells. _____13. The cell membrane allows certain materials to pass through it. _____18. Only plant cells have a cell wall _____14. The nucleolus contains the chromatin. _____20. Chlorophyll makes plant cells rigid. _____15. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site of fat production. Classification Questions Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Kingdoms Classification Word Bank~ each letter may be used more than once. A. Archaebacteria B. Eubacteria C. Protists D. Fungi 1. ______ Contains peptidoglycan in the cell walls. 2. ______Examples include Paramecium and Amoebas. 3. ______Examples include mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. 4. ______Multi cellular; heterotrophic organisms without a cell wall. 5. ______Includes sponges, worms, mollusks. 6. ______ & ______ Unicellular prokaryotes. 7. ______Examples include Paramecium and Amoebas. 8. ______Heterotrophic, cell walls of chitin. 9. ______Autotrophic or heterotrophic; some have cell walls. 10. ______ & ______ Uses binary fission as its mode of reproduction. 11. ______Examples include yeast , mold, and mushrooms. 12. ______Autotrophic; cell wall composed of cellulose. 13. ______Uses an alternation of generation as its sexual reproductive mode. E. Plants F. Animals Plant Kingdoms Classification~ Plant Groups Word Bank~ each letter may be used more than once. A. Angiosperms B. Bryophytes C. Gymnosperms 1. ______ & ______Reproduction use of spores. 2. ______Includes fruits. 3. ______Contains no vascular system. 4. ______Examples include pines, spruce, and fir trees. 5. ______Uses pollen in male cones. 6. ______Examples include mosses and liverworts. 7. ______ Dominant sporophyte generation; examples include ferns 8. ______Flowers are the main reproductive organs. 9. ______ Dominant gametophyte generation; dependent on sporophytes. D. Pterodophytes Animal Kingdoms Classification~ Animal Groups Word Bank~ each letter may be used more than once. A. Porifera B. Cnidaria C. Platyhelminthes D. Nematode F. Annelida G. Arthropods H. Echinoderm I. Chordata E. Mollusk 1. ______ Soft body; no specialized tissues; no gut openings. 8. ______Examples include star fish, sea urchins, and sand dollars. 2. ______Contains jointed appendages; and an exoskeleton of chitin. 9. ______Includes snails, oysters, and octopus. 3. ______Has the ability to regenerate body parts and has an 10. ______Examples include jellyfish. endoskeleton on Calcium. 4. ______Examples include earthworms and leeches. 5. ______Includes insects, crabs, and spiders. 6. ______Contains a backbone; a notochord; and 2 gut openings. 7. ______Radial symmetry, stinging cells. 11. ______Examples include many parasites such as tapeworms and flatworms. 12. ______2 gut openings; many live in soil; examples include roundworms and hookworms. 13. ______Soft bodies; many have shells; terrestrial and marine habitats; open circulatory systems. 14. ______ Examples include sponges Animal Kingdoms Classification~ Vertebrates Word Bank~ each letter may be used more than once. A. Fish B. Amphibian C. Reptile D. Birds (Aves) E. Mammals 1. ______Contains scales, gills, and a 2 chambered heart. 2. ______Fertilization occurs outside the organism and development occurs within an aquatic egg. 3. ______Moist skin; use of lungs and skin for gas exchange. 4. ______Ectoderm; first land animals; first tetrapods. 5. ______Includes frogs and salamanders. 6. ______Contains dry skin; use of lungs for gas exchange; and a 3 chambered heart. 7. ______Examples include turtles, lizards, and alligators 8. ______Contains hollow bones, feathers, and a 4 chambered heart. 9. ______Uses lungs and air sacs to exchange gases and includes eagles and parrots. 10. ______Has hair; a 4 chambered heart. 11. ______Gives birth to live young. Summer Assignment Review Questions Cells (Chapter 6) 1. Describe 2 differences between plant cells and animal cells. 2. Describe 2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 3. Describe the endosymbiotic theory. 4. Name 3 membrane-bound organelles. Classification (Chapters 26 & 32-34) 5. What is a cladogram? Describe the cladogram below. 6. What is a phylogenetic tree? Describe the phylogenetic tree below. 7. The organisms traditionally assigned to the kingdom monera are now divided into two kingdoms. What are these kingdoms and why is this important distinction? What does it imply about the evolutionary relatedness of the three domains? 8. What is cephalization? 9. There are three main types of body cavities found in animals. Describe each and provide an example of each below . Acoelomate Psuedocoelomate Coelomate 10. What is a gastrula? Draw a gastrula and label the blastopore and tissue layers. 11. Define the terms diploblastic and triplobastic and describe the significance s for the level of complexity in an organism below. Diploblastic Triploblastic 12. Contrast protostomes and deuterostomes. List examples of each below. Protostomes Deuterostomes Plants (Chapters 29& 30; 35-39) 13. Give an example of an adaptation bryophytes have evolved. 14. Give the 4 main groups of land plants and an example of each. 15. Difference between a sporophyte and a gametophyte. Sporophyte Gametophyte 16. What are tracheophytes? Provide 3 plant group examples. 17. Explain the difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms. Which are most common? Angiosperm Gymnosperm 18. Explain the difference between primary and secondary growth in a plant. Primary Growth 19. List 2 functions of stems. Secondary Growth 20. Define the term meristem 21. Explain what is meant by turgor pressure and how it helps to support the plant. 22. Compare and contrast Monocot and Dicots below. MONOCOTS EUDICOTS (DICOTS) Leaf veination # of cotyledons Type of root Vascular Tissue arrangement Flower Part Multiples Examples 23. Provide advantages and disadvantages of plants evolving to live on land below. Advantages Disadvantages 24. Explain what is meant by vascular tissue, xylem, and phloem below. Xylem Phloem Functions 25. Explain the difference between annuals, biennials, and perennials below. Annuals Biennials Perennials 26. Discuss the differences in structure and function between collenchyma, parenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells below. Paranchymal Cells Cell walls Characteristics Functions Examples Sclerenchma Collenchyma 27. Explain the role of the following plant hormones. Hormone Auxin Cytokinins Gibberellins Abscisic Acid (ABA) Ethylene Function Animals ~(Chapters 26-34) 28. List major differences between an animal and a plant below Animals Plants 29. Define the types of symmetry and provide a picture of an animal with each type: Radial, Bilateral, None. Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry No Symmetry 30. Explain why a paramecium is not considered to be an animal? 31. Describe two ways in which sponges are the simplest animals. 32. Explain the difference between open and closed circulatory systems. Provide examples of organisms with each. Open Circulatory System Closed Circulatory System 33. Explain the difference between an endoderm and an ectoderm. Provide 2 examples of each. Endoderm 34. Describe how a sponge feeds. 35. Why are sponges classified as animals? 36. Cnidarians have a unique adaptation for acquiring their prey. Describe this adaptation. 37. Describe the two body forms of cnidarians. Ectoderm 38. Compare earthworms to roundworms and flatworms below. Earthworms Roundworms 39. How are annelids important to soil ecosystems? 40. Describe the circulatory system of annelids. 41. Describe how a leech feeds? 42. Describe the two organs that are unique to the mollusk group. 43. Describe what is meant by external digestion in echinoderms 44. Which invertebrate groups have gastrovascular cavities? Flat Worms