Download From Republic to Empire 2013

From Republic to Empire
Review
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Republic
Senate
Consuls
Tribunes
Dictator
12 tables
Veto
Questions you still have
It took the Romans 500 years to
grow from a republic to an empire
First Period of Expansion

When: 509 to 264 b.c. e

Areas conquered:
◦ The Italian peninsula

Effects of this conquest:
◦ The Romans made allies of
their former enemies.
Together they controlled all
of Italy
Second Period of Expansion

When:
◦ 265 to 146 b.c.e

The Punic Wars
◦ Who did they fight?
 Carthage
(Empire in North Africa)
◦ Why?
 Both wanted to control the
western Mediterranean area
(today’s Spain)
The effects of the Punic Wars

They fought a total of 3 wars
◦ The first one was fought mainly at sea
◦ During the second war Carthage attacked
Italy. Hannibal marched his army from
Spain across the Alps and into Italy.
◦ In the third war Rome burned Carthage
to the ground

Through these wars, Rome defeated
Carthage
 Rome was now the greatest power in the
Mediterranean region
Areas conquered…





Carthage
3 islands – Sicily,
Sardinia and Corsica
Much of Spain
Macedonia
Greece
Third Period of Expansion

When: 147 to 44 b.c.e

What areas did Rome conquer?
◦ Gaul
◦ Asia Minor and Syria
◦ North Africa
Triumvirate

WHAT?
◦ A group of three men
who hold political
power
◦ The 1st Triumvirate
was made up of:
 Julius Caesar
 Pompey the Great
 Marcus Crassus
Pompey vs. Caesar

Eventually a power
struggle developed
between Caesar and
Pompey as both wanted to
gain sole control of Rome

Both were successful
military generals
◦ Pompey had conquered
Eastern areas such as Asia
Minor and Syria
◦ Julius Caesar had conquered
much of Gaul in the west
Versus
Civil War

A civil war broke out
between Pompey and
Caesar
◦ The Senate supported
Pompey and forbad Caesar
to enter Italy with his army

Caesar disobeyed
◦ In January 49 B.C., he
crossed the Rubicon river
and marched into Italy

After three years of
fighting, Caesar defeated
Pompey
The event that marked the end of
the Republic.

A frightened
senate named
Caesar dictator
for life
◦ which violated the
rules of the
Republic
Why was Caesar so popular?

The poor loved him
since he provided…

free food and shelter

work by building
roads and new
buildings

free entertainment
The death of Caesar

Caesar was killed in 44 b.c. by 60
senators

WHY?
◦ they feared losing their own power
 they thought that he would become a king…
◦ they also thought they were saving the
republic
Fourth Period of Expansion


When:
◦ 44 b.c.e to 117 c.e.
After Caesars death…
◦ Rome plunged into a series of civil wars
that lasted for 10 years
◦ Octavian defeated them all and became
the absolute ruler of Rome………
Who was Octavian?

He was Caesar’s
grandnephew and
adopted son
What title did he take?

Augustus, which
means “revered”
(honored)

Many called him
Caesar Augustus

He was Rome’s 1st
Emperor
Empire - Emperor

What is an Empire?
◦ A large territory in
which several groups
of people are ruled
by a single ruler
How did Octavian rule?
A.
He had complete control over
Rome
B.
He restored peace and order to
Rome (Pax Romana)
 He built massive roads and bridges, government
buildings, and huge public baths
 He said, “I left Rome a city of marble, though I
found it a city of bricks.”
Pax Romana

What?
◦ Roman Peace which lasted for about 200
years
◦ It was a time of Peace and Prosperity - the
Roman culture spread around the western
world
◦ During the Pax Romana, the Roman Empire
reached its peak in terms of land area
 its population swelled to an estimated 70 million
people.
The size of the Roman Empire at its height.

The Empire
controlled in 117 c.e.
an area
◦ from Britain/England
◦ to Syria/Judea
(today’s Israel)
◦ The Empire never
crossed the Rhine and
the Danube Rivers in
the north
Summary
1. Describe the Punic Wars
◦ Who fought?
◦ Why?
◦ What were the effects?
2. Why is Julius Caesar important, what did he do?
3. What event marked the end of the Republic?
4. Define empire and identify the 1st emperor of
Rome. What title did he get?
5. Define Pax Romana.