Download Homework #4

Homework #4
1. The chart below shows the classification of three organisms. Certain
categories are not shown.
9. The diagram below illustrates the transfer of pollen in a corn plant.
Which two organisms are most closely related?
A)
B)
C)
D)
A and B
B and C
C and A
Not enough information is given to answer the question.
2. Which classification category contains the greatest number of
different types of organisms?
A) kingdom
C) genus
B) phylum
D) species
3. In the binomial system of nomenclature, which two classification
groups provide the scientific name of an organism?
A) kingdom and phylum
C) kingdom and genus
B) phylum and species
D) genus and species
Which process is represented by the arrow in the diagram?
A) cross-pollination
C) fertilization
B) hybridization
D) self-pollination
10. The graph below represents the populations of two different species
in an ecosystem over a period of several years.
4. Two organisms can be considered to be of different species if they
A)
B)
C)
D)
cannot mate with each other and produce fertile offspring
live in two different geographical areas
mutate at different rates depending on their environment
have genes drawn from the same gene pool
5. The brightly colored, highly scented flowers on a rosebush are an
adaptation for
A)
B)
C)
D)
wind pollination
insect pollination
the production of spores
nutrition for developing rose embryos
6. Which statement is most closely related to the modern theory of
evolution?
A) Characteristics that are acquired during life are passed to
offspring by sexual reproduction.
B) Evolution is the result of mutations and recombination, only.
C) Organisms best adapted to a changed environment are more likely
to reproduce and pass their genes to offspring.
D) Asexual reproduction increases the survival of species.
7. Although similar in many respects, two species of organisms exhibit
differences that make each well adapted to the environment in which
it lives. The process of change that may account for these differences
is
A)
B)
C)
D)
evolution
germination
regeneration of lost structures
transmission of homologous structures
8. Which concept includes the other three?
A) competition
C) natural selection
B) survival of the fittest
D) overproduction
Which statement is a possible explanation for the changes shown?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Species A is better adapted to this environment.
Species A is the predator of Species B.
Species B is better adapted to this environment.
Species B is a parasite that has benefited species A.
11. Which statement would most likely be in agreement with Lamarck's
theory of evolution?
A) Black moths have evolved in an area because they were better
adapted to the environment and had high rates of survival and
reproduction.
B) Geographic barriers may lead to reproductive isolation and the
production of new species.
C) Giraffes have long necks because their ancestors stretched their
necks reaching for food, and this trait was passed on to their
offspring.
D) Most variations in animals and plants are due to random
chromosomal and gene mutation.
Homework #4
12. The diagram below represents four different species of bacteria
Which statement is correct concerning the chances of survival for these species if there is a change in the environment?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Species A has the best chance of survival because it has the most genetic diversity.
Species C has the best chance of survival because it has no gene mutations.
Neither species B nor species D will survive because they compete for the same resources.
None of the species will survive because bacteria reproduce asexually.
13. The females of certain species of turtles will sneak into a nest of
alligator eggs to lay their own eggs and then leave, never to return.
When the baby turtles hatch, they automatically hide from the
mother alligator guarding the nest and go to the nearest body of
water when it is safe to do so. Which statement best explains the
behavior of these baby turtles?
A) More of the turtles’ ancestors who acted in this way survived to
reproduce, passing this behavioral trait to their offspring.
B) The baby turtles are genetically identical, so they behave the
same way.
C) Turtles are not capable of evolving, so they repeat the same
behaviors generation after generation.
D) The baby turtles’ ancestors who learned to behave this way
taught the behaviors to their offspring
17. Organisms with favorable variations reproduce more successfully
than organisms with less favorable variations. This statement best
describes the concept of
A)
B)
C)
D)
overproduction
use and disuse
inheritance of acquired characteristics
survival of the fittest
18. Which evolutionary concept is best illustrated by the cartoon below?
14. The teeth of carnivores are pointed and are good for puncturing and
ripping flesh. The teeth of herbivores are flat and are good for
grinding and chewing. Which statement best explains these
observations?
A) Herbivores have evolved from carnivores.
B) Carnivores have evolved from herbivores.
C) The two types of teeth most likely evolved as a result of natural
selection.
D) The two types of teeth most likely evolved as a result of the
needs of an organism.
15. Which statement is not part of the concept of natural selection?
A) Individuals that possess the most favorable variations will
have the best chance of reproducing.
B) Variation occurs among individuals in a population.
C) More individuals are produced than will survive.
D) Genes of an individual adapt to a changing environment.
16. According to the theory of natural selection, why are some
individuals more likely than others to survive and reproduce?
A) Some individuals pass on to their offspring new
characteristics they have acquired during their lifetimes.
B) Some individuals are better adapted to exist in their environment
than others are.
C) Some individuals do not pass on to their offspring new
characteristics they have acquired during their lifetimes.
D) Some individuals tend to produce fewer offspring than others
in the same environment.
A) production of mutations B) use and disuse
C) survival of the fittest
D) speciation
19. A trait with low survival value to the members of a population will
most likely
A)
B)
C)
D)
undergo a series of mutations in succeeding generations
cause the reproduction rate in individual organisms to increase
decrease in frequency from one generation to the next
remain unchanged in frequency through many generations
20. Which concept was not included by Darwin in his theory of
evolution?
A)
B)
C)
D)
overproduction in a population
struggle for existence
genetic basis for variations
survival of the fittest
Homework #4
21. The diagram below represents four different species of wild birds. Each species has feet with different structural adaptations.
Which concept would best explain the development of these adaptations?
A)
B)
C)
D)
inheritance of resistance to diseases that affect all these species
inheritance of characteristics acquired after the birds hatched from the egg
natural selection
selective breeding
22. Which concept about variations is included in the modern theory of
evolution?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Variations occur in animals, but not in plants.
Variations are acquired and will appear in the offspring.
Variations are the result of overproduction.
Variations influence the survival of the individual.
23. Scientists compared fossil remains of a species that lived 5,000
years ago with members of the same species living today. Scientists
concluded that this species had changed very little over the entire
time period. Which statement best accounts for this lack of change?
A) The environment changed significantly and those offspring
without favorable characteristics died.
B) The environment changed significantly, but the species had no
natural enemies for a long period of time.
C) The environment did not change significantly and those
offspring expressing new characteristics survived their natural
enemies.
D) The environment did not change significantly and those offspring
expressing new characteristics did not survive.
24. The separation of a small group of individuals from the main
population is known as
A) chromosomal mutation
C) geographic isolation
B) fossil formation
D) reduction division
25. A group of organisms became reproductively isolated from its
original population due to geographic separation. This group would
most likely be
A)
B)
C)
D)
unable to successfully interbreed with its original population
genetically identical to its original population
unable to live in the same habitat with its original population
able to reproduce with its original population, only
26. Beak structures differ between individuals of one species of bird.
These differences most likely indicate
A)
B)
C)
D)
the presence of a variety of food sources
a reduced rate of reproduction
a large supply of one kind of food
an abundance of predators
27. The species of finches that Darwin found on the Galapagos Islands
displayed different structural and behavioral adaptations. These
adaptations differed among the species according to the birds'
varying habitats. Such adaptations most likely evolved as a result of
A)
B)
C)
D)
use and disuse
transmission of acquired characteristics
reproductive isolation
geographic isolation
28. Which process can produce new inheritable characteristics within a
multicellular species?
A)
B)
C)
D)
cloning of the zygote
mitosis in muscle cells
gene alterations in gametes
differentiation in nerve cells
29. Which situation would most likely result in the highest rate of
natural selection?
A) reproduction of organisms by an asexual method in an
unchanging environment
B) reproduction of a species having a very low mutation rate in a
changing environment
C) reproduction of organisms in an unchanging environment with
little competition and few predators
D) reproduction of organisms exhibiting genetic differences due to
mutations and genetic recombinations in a changing
environment
30. Since variations between offspring are important in the process of
natural selection, evolution would be expected to occur more
rapidly in species that reproduce by the process of
A) budding
C) sexual reproduction
B) asexual reproduction
D) sporulation
31. If a species of bear in Russia and the brown bear in the United
States have a common ancestor, the differences between these two
species most likely resulted from
A)
B)
C)
D)
mutations and genetic recombination
mutations and asexual reproduction
the inheritance of acquired traits
the development of structures for climbing trees
Homework #4
32. In the early stages of development, the embryos of dogs, pigs, and
humans resemble one another. This observation suggests that these
animals may have
A)
B)
C)
D)
a similar number of chromosomes
similar habitat requirements
the same blood components
a common ancestry
33. A researcher recently discovered a new species of bacteria in the
body of a tubeworm living near a hydrothermal vent. He compared
the DNA of this new bacterial species to the DNA of four other
species of bacteria. The DNA sequences came from the same part of
the bacterial chromosome of all four species.
35. Fossil records indicate that between 80 million and 60 million years
ago the structure of the horned dinosaur frequently underwent rapid
changes separated by long periods of stability. This pattern of
change best illustrates the concept of
A) use and disuse
C) gradualism
B) punctuated equilibrium
D) enzyme specificity
36. The presence of some similar structures in all vertebrates suggests
that these vertebrates
A) all develop at the same rate
B) evolved from different animals that appeared on Earth at the
same time
C) all develop internally and rely on nutrients supplied by the
mother
D) may have an evolutionary relationship
37. Which term describes appendages that may have different
functions, but are similar in structure an are assumed to have the
same evolutionary origin?
A) fossils
C) homologous
According to these data, the unknown bacterial species is most
closely related to
A) species I
C) species III
B) species II
D) species IV
34. The diagram below illustrates possible evolutionary pathways of
some species.
B) homozygous
D) mutations
38. A certain species has little genetic variation. The rapid extinction of
this species would most likely result from the effect of
A) successful cloning
C) environmental change
B) gene manipulation
D) genetic recombination
39. The results provided by Stanley Miller's experiments involving a
simulated primitive environment, as described in the heterotroph
hypothesis, show that in this environment
A) only inorganic molecules can be synthesized
B) there is little possibility for the synthesis of complex
molecules
C) organic molecules can be synthesized
D) only complex nucleic acid molecules can be synthesized
Which statement is a valid inference based on the information in
the diagram?
A) Species A is the common ancestor of all life on Earth.
B) Species D is more closely related to species E than to species F.
C) Species B is the ancestor of species F.
D) Species C is the ancestor of species that exist at the present
time.
Answer Key
Homework 4
1.
B
2.
A
3.
D
4.
A
5.
B
6.
C
7.
A
8.
C
9.
D
10.
C
11.
C
12.
A
13.
A
14.
C
15.
D
16.
B
17.
D
18.
C
19.
C
20.
C
21.
C
22.
D
23.
D
24.
C
25.
A
26.
A
27.
D
28.
C
29.
D
30.
C
31.
A
32.
D
33.
D
34.
B
35.
B
36.
D
37.
C
38.
C
39.
C