Download Bio 101 Cumulative FINAL Homework Prof. Fournier

 Bio 101
Cumulative FINAL Homework
1. The energy an organism requires to transport materials and eliminate
wastes is obtained directly from
A) DNA
C) hormones
B) starch
D) ATP
2. Respiration is best described as a process by which
A)
B)
C)
D)
necessary nutrients are circulated
hydrogen is used to synthesize glucose
metabolic wastes are absorbed
chemical energy is converted into a usable form
3. Which life function is primarily involved in the conversion of the
energy stored in organic molecules to a form directly usable by a
cell?
A) absorption
C) digestion
B) circulation
D) respiration
4. The scientific name for the fruit fly is Drosophila melanogaster.
What classification group does the word Drosophila refers to?
A) kingdom
C) genus
B) phylum
D) species
5. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below
represents levels of organization in living things.
Which term would best represent X?
A) human
C) stomach
B) tissue
D) chloroplast
6. Which statement describes an exception to the cell theory?
A) Plants and animals are made up of structural units known as
cells.
B) Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain genetic material and
can replicate.
C) All cells arise from preexisting cells.
D) The cell is the basic functional unit of all living things.
Prof. Fournier
Cumulative FINAL Homework
7. Which row in the chart below contains a cell structure paired with its primary function?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
8. If the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed, what effect would this
most likely have on the cell?
A) It would stimulate mitotic cell division.
B) The cell would be unable to synthesize proteins.
C) Development of abnormal hereditary features would occur in
the cell.
D) Increased protein absorption would occur through the cell
membrane.
9. The largest amount of DNA in a plant cell is contained in
A) a nucleus
C) a protein molecule
B) a chromosome
D) an enzyme molecule
10. The diagram below represents a biological process
Which set of molecules is best represented by letters A and B?
A) A: oxygen and water
B: glucose
B) A: glucose
B: carbon dioxide and water
C) A: carbon dioxide and water
B: glucose
D) A: glucose
B: oxygen and water
11. Water is classified as an inorganic compound because it
A)
B)
C)
D)
does not contain carbon
does not contain nitrogen
contains hydrogen
contains oxygen
12. Which formula represents an organic compound?
A) Mg(OH)2
C) Cl2H22O11
B) NaCl
D) NH3
13. All cells of an organism are engaged in many different chemical
reactions. This fact is best supported by the presence in each cell of
thousands of different kinds of
A) enzymes
C) chloroplasts
B) nuclei
D) organelles
D) 4
14. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a toxic by-product of cellular
metabolism in aerobic organisms. The reaction below occurs within
the cells to prevent the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide.
In this reaction, catalase functions as an
A)
B)
C)
D)
enzyme in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
enzyme in the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide
emulsifier in the digestion of hydrogen peroxide
indicator in the detection of hydrogen peroxide
Cumulative FINAL Homework
Base your answers to questions 15 and 16 on the graph below and your knowledge of biology.
15. Neither enzyme works at a pH of
A) 1
B) 5
C) 3
D) 13
16. Pepsin works best in which type of environment?
A) acidic, only
C) neutral
B) basic, only
D) sometimes acidic, sometimes basic
17. The enzyme amylase will affect the breakdown of carbohydrates,
but it will not affect the breakdown of proteins. The ability of an
enzyme molecule to interact with specific molecules is most
directly determined by the
A)
B)
C)
D)
19. What substance could be represented by the letter X in the diagram
below?
shapes of the molecules involved
number of molecules involved
sequence of bases present in ATP
amount of glucose present in the cell
18. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents stages in the digestion of a
starch, and on your knowledge of biology.
A) carbohydrates
C) carbon dioxide
The structure labeled X most likely represents
A) an antibody
C) an enzyme
B) a receptor molecule
D) a hormone
B) ozone
D) water
Cumulative FINAL Homework
20. Some structural formulas of organic molecules are shown below.
Which structural formulas represent carbohydrate molecules?
A) 1 and 5
B) 2 and 4
C) 3 and 2
21. Two molecules of the type illustrated below are combined by
dehydration synthesis.
Combining these two molecules produces
A) a protein
C) maltose
B) a lipid
D) starch
22. Plants store carbohydrates in the form of
A) amino acids
C) starch
B) fatty acids
D) nucleic acids
23. What are the end products of the hydrolysis of a polysaccharide?
A) simple sugars
C) fatty acids
B) amino acids
D) nucleotides
24. Vegetable oils, such as corn oil, belong to which general class of
organic substances?
A) lipids
C) carbohydrates
B) proteins
D) salts
D) 4 and 3
Cumulative FINAL Homework
25. Base your answer to the following question on on the chart below and your knowledge of Biology.
Which belongs in section G ?
A)
B)
C)
D)
26. Which substances are produced by the hydrolysis of an oil?
A)
B)
C)
D)
water and nucleic acids
amino acids and dipeptides
fatty acids and glycerol
glucose and water
27. Which statement concerning proteins is not correct?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Proteins are long, usually folded, chains.
The shape of a protein molecule determines its function.
Proteins can be broken down and used for energy.
Proteins are bonded together, resulting in simple sugars.
28. What is the shape of a protein molecule influenced by?
A)
B)
C)
D)
whether it is organic or inorganic
changes in temperature or pH
the number of genes found in the nucleus
the number of chromosomes in the cell
29. Maple trees and tulips are classified as autotrophs because they both
A) produce gametes by the process of mitosis
B) produce carbon dioxide and water as metabolic wastes
C) are able to obtain complex organic materials from the
environment
D) are able to synthesize organic molecules from inorganic
raw materials
30. Scientists studying ocean organisms are discovering new and
unusual species. Which observation could be used to determine that
an ocean organism is a plant cell?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Chloroplasts are visible inside the cells.
Digestive organs are visible upon dissection.
The organism lives close to the surface.
The organism makes molecules that help digest food.
Cumulative FINAL Homework
31. Which process usually uses carbon dioxide molecules?
A) cellular respiration
C) active transport
40. The diagram below represents a portion of the human body.
B) asexual reproduction
D) autotrophic nutrition
32. Which activity of autotrophs makes radiant energy available for use
by heterotrophic organisms to perform essential cell functions?
A) hydrolysis
C) respiration
B) photosynthesis
D) digestion
33. Which structure is most directly responsible for maintaining
homeostasis in all cells?
A) chloroplast
C) centriole
B) cell membrane
D) cell wall
34. Which molecule will most likely diffuse through a cell membrane?
A) starch
B) water
C) protein
D) DNA
35. A substance is most likely to diffuse into a cell when
A) it is a large organic food molecule such as protein or starch
B) it is enclosed in an organelle such as a vacuole
C) the concentration of the substance is greater outside the
cell than inside
D) the pH of the substance is greater than the pH of the cell
36. After a cookie has been digested, glucose molecules enter the
bloodstream by the process of
A) phagocytosis
C) ingestion
B) diffusion
D) pinocytosis
37. Which process produces the greatest quantity of ATP per molecule
of glucose oxidized?
A) aerobic respiration
C) photosynthesis
B) lactic acid production
D) fermentation
38. The formation of lactic acid in human muscle cells is most closely
associated with
A)
B)
C)
D)
muscle fatigue
protein synthesis
an increase in alcohol consumption
an increase in glucose production
39. Anaerobic respiration is considered to be less efficient than aerobic
respiration because
A) less lactic acid is formed during anaerobic respiration than
aerobic respiration
B) anaerobic respiration requires more oxygen than aerobic
respiration
C) the net gain of ATP molecules is less in anaerobic
respiration than in aerobic respiration
D) less energy is required during anaerobic respiration than
aerobic respiration
The principal function of structure X is to
A)
B)
C)
D)
produce salivary enzymes
secrete sex hormones
absorb water
digest bile
41. Which type of digestion occurs in the mouth when an individual
chews a piece of bread?
A)
B)
C)
D)
mechanical digestion, only
chemical digestion, only
both mechanical and chemical digestion
neither mechanical nor chemical digestion
Cumulative FINAL Homework
42. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents the pathway of blood throughout the body,
and on your knowledge of biology.
Which structure represents the chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood directly from the lungs?
A) 5
B) 6
C) 3
43. Which chamber of the human heart receives most of the blood
returning from the brain?
A) left ventricle
C) left atrium
B) right ventricle
D) right atrium
44. An individual who has had chicken pox rarely gets this disease
again. This situation is an example of
A) biological control
C) active immunity
B) negative feedback
D) passive immunity
45. A heart attack may be due to all of the following except
A) an increase in arterial blood pressure
B) oxygen deprivation of cardiac muscle
C) narrowing of the arteries transporting blood to the heart
muscle
D) decreased consumption of complex carbohydrates
46. An increase in breathing rate can be triggered by an increase in the
A)
B)
C)
D)
carbon dioxide content of the blood
oxygen content of the atmosphere
number of platelets in the blood
number of red blood cells
47. Which is an activity controlled primarily by the autonomic nervous
system?
A) thinking during an exam B) writing your name
C) regulating heartbeat
D) chewing food
D) 4
Cumulative FINAL Homework
48. The diagram below represents division of a cell that produces two daughter cells.
Which statement most likely describes the daughter cells produced?
A)
B)
C)
D)
The daughter cells will pass on only half of the genetic information they received from the original cell.
The daughter cells will each produce offspring that will have the same genetic information as the original cell.
The daughter cells will each undergo the same mutations as the original cell after reproduction has occurred.
The daughter cells will not pass on any of the genes that they received from the original cell.
49. The number in each circle below represents the chromosome
number of the cell. Which diagram represents the production of
offspring by an asexually reproducing organism
A)
50. A cell in the stem tip of a corn plant contains 20 chromosomes.
After this cell divides, how many chromosomes should each
resulting daughter cell contain?
A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 40
51. Which statement most accurately compares mitotic cell division in
plant and animal cells?
B)
A) It is exactly the same in plant and animal cells.
B) The walls of plant cells pinch in, but the membranes of animal
cells do not.
C) Most plant cells use centrioles, but most animal cells do not.
D) In both plants and animals, the daughter cells are
genetically identical to the original cell.
52. The uncontrolled division of certain body cells, which then invade
the surrounding tissues and interfere with the normal functioning of
the body, is known as
A) cancer
C) cleavage
C)
B) regeneration
D) oogenesis
53. Which process is most directly involved in the production of egg
cells by a female frog?
A) meiosis
C) regeneration
D)
B) metamorphosis
D) cleavage
54. A dogfish shark contains 24 chromosomes in each of its muscle
cells. How many chromosomes are normally found in each of its
sex cells?
A) 6
B) 12
C) 24
D) 48
55. Which cell is normally produced as a direct result of meiosis?
A) a uterine cell having half the normal species number of
chromosomes
B) an egg having the full species number of chromosomes
C) a zygote having the full species number of chromosomes
D) a sperm having half the normal species number of
chromosomes
Cumulative FINAL Homework
56. The chromosome number of a cell produced by mitotic cell division
is represented by 2n. If that cell had been produced by meiotic cell
division, its chromosome number would be represented by
A) n
2
B) n
C) 2n
D) 4n
57. Most embryos that develop internally obtain food and oxygen
through the
A) allantois
C) amnion
B) chorion
D) placenta
58. Which mutation in a fruit fly could be passed on to its offspring?
A) a mutation in a cell of an eye that changes the color of the eye
B) a mutation in a leg cell that causes the leg to be shorter
C) a mutation in a sperm cell that changes the shape of the
wing
D) a mutation in a cell of the digestive tract that produces a
different enzyme
59. Using the results of his experiments with pea plant crosses, what
did Gregor Mendel discover?
A) the principles of dominance, segregation, and independent
assortment
B) that pea plants develop mutations after exposure to radiation
C) intermediate inheritance and gene linkage
D) that DNA is involved in the inheritance of dominant traits
60. After observing the offspring of many generations of pea plant
crosses, Gregor Mendel formulated the principle of
A) dominance
C) crossing-over
B) polyploidy
D) mutation
61. Gregor Mendel formulated some basic principles of heredity from
the results of his experiments with
A) Drosophila
C) four-o'clock plants
B) bacteria
D) pea plants
62. Which process will increase variations that could be inherited?
A) mitotic cell division
B) active transport
C) recombination of genes D) synthesis of proteins
Cumulative FINAL Homework
Base your answers to questions 63 and 64 on the pedigree chart below, which shows a history of ear lobe shape, and on your
knowledge of biology.
63. The genotype of individual 2 could be
A) EE, only
B) Ee, only
C) ee
D) EE or Ee
C) ee
D) EE or Ee
64. The genotype of individual 1 could be
A) EE, only
B) Ee, only
65. What term would best be used to describe an organism possessing
two identical genes for a trait?
A) heterozygous
C) homozygous 71. Base your answer to the following question on Which process is
illustrated by the diagram below?
B) hybrid D) incompletely dominant
66. In canaries, the gene for singing (S) is dominant over the gene for
non-singing (s). When hybrid singing canaries are mated with
non-singing canaries, what percentage of the offspring is likely to
possess the singing trait?
A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 100%
67. In squirrels, the gene for gray fur (G) is dominant over the gene for
black fur (g). If 50% of a large litter of squirrels are gray, the
parental cross that produced this litter was most likely
A) GG × Gg
C) Gg × gg
B) GO × GO
D) gg × gg
68. In pea plants, the gene for yellow seeds is dominant over the gene
for green seeds. Which procedure can be used to determine if a
plant that produces yellow seeds is homozygous or heterozygous?
A)
B)
C)
D)
crossing it with plants that are homozygous for yellow seeds
crossing it with plants that are homozygous for green seeds
crossing it with plants that are known to contain mutant genes
exposing it to high doses of radiation
69. Which statement best describes a chromosome?
A)
B)
C)
D)
It is a gene that has thousands of different forms.
It has genetic information contained in DNA.
It is a reproductive cell that influences more than one trait.
It contains hundreds of genetically identical DNA molecules.
70. Hereditary information for most traits is generally located in
A)
B)
C)
D)
genes found on chromosomes
chromosomes found on genes
the mitochondria of gametes
the lysosomes in the cytoplasm
A) crossing-over
C) sex determination
B) nondisjunction
D) independent assortment
72. Which statement best describes the process of crossing-over?
A) It takes place between homologous chromosomes and
results in new gene combinations.
B) It takes place between nonhomologous chromosomes and
results in an increased gene mutation rate.
C) It takes place between homologous chromosomes and results
in an increased gene mutation rate.
D) It takes place between nonhomologous chromosomes and
results in new gene combinations.
73. A characteristic of mutations is that they usually
A)
B)
C)
D)
are caused only by the events of mitosis
do not occur at random
result in different genetic sequences
occur to meet the needs of a species
Cumulative FINAL Homework
74. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram of paired
homologous chromosomes shown below and on your knowledge of
biology.
80. In nucleotides, the letters A, G, C, and T represent
A) phosphate groups
C) nitrogenous bases
B) deoxyribose sugars
D) ribose sugars
81. If a portion of a messenger RNA molecule contains the base
sequence A-A-U, the corresponding transfer RNA base sequence is
A) A-A-U B) G-G-T
Which technique was used to organize the chromosomes as shown
in the diagram?
A) screening
C) karyotyping
B) chromatography
D) grafting
75. The sex of a person depends on
A)
B)
C)
D)
the genetic makeup of autosomes found in the egg cell
the genetic makeup of autosomes found in the sperm cell
whether the unfertilized egg contains an X- or Y-chromosome
whether the sperm that fertilizes the egg contains an X- or Y-chromosome
76. A normal human egg cell contains
A)
B)
C)
D)
22 autosomes and one X-chromosome
22 autosomes and one Y-chromosome
44 autosomes and XX-chromosomes
44 autosomes and XY-chromosomes
77. The diagram below represents an incomplete section of a DNA
molecule. The boxes represent unidentified bases.
When the boxes are filled in, what will the total number of bases
represented by the letter A (both inside and outside the boxes) be?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
78. Which molecule has the shape of a double-stranded helix?
A) RNA
B) DNA
C) ADP
D) ATP
79. In addition to a phosphate group, a DNA nucleotide could contain
A)
B)
C)
D)
thymine and deoxyribose
uracil and deoxyribose
thymine and ribose
uracil and ribose
C) T-T-C
D) U-U-A
Cumulative FINAL Homework
82. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below of a biochemical process and on your knowledge of biology.
Which amino acid would be transferred to the position of codon CAC?
A) leucine
B) glycine
C) valine
Base your answers to questions 83 and 84 on the diagram below of
a biochemical process that occurs within cells and on your
knowledge of biology.
83. The process represented in the diagram is
A) lipid digestion
C) protein synthesis
B) cell respiration
D) protein hydrolysis
84. The process represented in the diagram occurs on the cell organelle
known as a
A) vacuole
C) chloroplast
B) ribosome
D) mitochondrion
D) histidine
Cumulative FINAL Homework
85. The arrows in the diagram below indicate the development of four different varieties of vegetable plants from wild mustard.
Each of these varieties was most likely produced as a result of
A) asexual reproduction in the wild for many years
C) competition between plants
B) changes in light availability
D) selective breeding over many generations
86. In some cases, humans have chosen to mate certain individual farm
animals within a species. For example, by allowing only the largest
cattle to reproduce over many generations, strains of very large
cattle have been produced. This process is known as
A) natural selection
C) selective breeding
B) direct harvesting
D) dynamic equilibrium
87. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below
represents a technique used in some molecular biology laboratories.
What is this technique an example of?
A) chromatography
C) direct harvesting
B) gel electrophoresis
D) genetic engineering
88. Most species on Earth have changed through time. This change is
known as
A) isolation
C) ecology
B) geology
D) evolution
Cumulative FINAL Homework
89. Which concept is best illustrated in the flowchart below?
A) natural selection
C) dynamic equilibrium
B) genetic manipulation
D) material cycle
90. Darwin's theory of evolution is based on
A)
B)
C)
D)
96. The diagrams below illustrate three homologous structures.
variation and natural selection
use and disuse
spontaneous genetic mutations
transmission of acquired characteristics
91. Geographic and reproductive isolation are most closely associated
with
A) speciation
C) overproduction
B) extinction
D) competition
92. Members of a population may become separated from the original
population by a newly formed mountain range. This occurrence is
an example of
A) geographic isolation
C) natural selection
B) reproductive isolation
D) struggle for existence
93. Since variations between offspring are important in the process of
natural selection, evolution would be expected to occur more
rapidly in species that reproduce by the process of
A) budding
C) sexual reproduction
B) asexual reproduction
D) sporulation
94. The embryos of fish, chickens, and pigs have gill slits and a tail.
The presence of these features suggests that
A)
B)
C)
D)
all these animals can swim
pigs developed from chickens
these animals may have had a common ancestor
gill slits and tails are required for embryonic development
95. A researcher recently discovered a new species of bacteria in the
body of a tubeworm living near a hydrothermal vent. He compared
the DNA of this new bacterial species to the DNA of four other
species of bacteria. The DNA sequences came from the same part of
the bacterial chromosome of all four species.
According to these data, the unknown bacterial species is most
closely related to
A) species I
C) species III
B) species II
D) species IV
The structural similarities represented in the diagrams are
considered supporting evidence for
A)
B)
C)
D)
the heterotroph hypothesis
a common ancestry
use and disuse
geographic isolation
97. Which term describes appendages that may have different
functions, but are similar in structure an are assumed to have the
same evolutionary origin?
A) fossils
C) homologous
B) homozygous
D) mutations
98. The portion of Earth in which all life exists is known as
A) the climax stage
C) a population
B) the biosphere
D) a biotic community
Cumulative FINAL Homework
99. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below
and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram shows areas on a
mountain that represent some major biomes.
Which major biome is found throughout most of New York State?
A)
B)
C)
D)
tundra
taiga
temperate deciduous forest
tropical rain forest
100. Which concept is best represented in the diagram below?
A) random mutations
C) genetic engineering
B) ecological succession
D) direct harvesting
101. A volcanic eruption destroyed a forest, covering the soil with
volcanic ash. For many years, only small plants could grow.
Slowly, soil formed in which shrubs and trees could grow. These
changes are an example of
A) manipulation of genes
C) ecological succession
B) evolution of a species
D) equilibrium
102. In which symbiotic relationship do two different species benefit
from their association with one another?
A) saprophytism
C) mutualism
B) commensalism
D) parasitism
103. A relationship between a consumer and producer is best illustrated
by a
A)
B)
C)
D)
snake eating a bird
tree absorbing minerals
fungus breaking down wastes
deer eating grass
104. The size of a mouse population in a natural ecosystem tends to
remain relatively constant due to
A)
B)
C)
D)
the carrying capacity of the environment
the lack of natural predators
the cycling of energy
increased numbers of decomposers
Cumulative FINAL Homework
105. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below
represents a pyramid of energy that includes both producers and
consumers.
107. Which organism is a primary consumer?
A) alga
C) sunfish
B) crustacean
D) great blue heron
108. Which level of the pyramid contains autotrophic organisms?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
109. Which factor is a major cause of global warming?
On which level is the greatest amount of available energy found?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
Base your answers to questions 106 through 108 on the diagram
below and on your knowledge of biology.
A)
B)
C)
D)
increased burning of fuels
increased number of green plants
decreased mineral availability
decreased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
110. Human impact on the environment is often more dramatic than the
impact of most other living things because humans have a greater
A)
B)
C)
D)
need for water
need for food
ability to adapt to change
ability to alter the environment
111. Deforestation would most immediately result in
A)
B)
C)
D)
106. Which level of the pyramid contains the greatest biomass?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
the disappearance of native species
industrialization of an area
the depletion of the ozone shield
global warming
Answer Key
Final Homework
1.
D
42.
D
83.
C
2.
D
43.
D
84.
B
3.
D
44.
C
85.
D
4.
C
45.
D
86.
C
5.
B
46.
A
87.
D
6.
B
47.
C
88.
D
7.
A
48.
B
89.
A
8.
B
49.
C
90.
A
9.
A
50.
B
91.
A
10.
C
51.
D
92.
A
11.
A
52.
A
93.
C
12.
C
53.
A
94.
C
13.
A
54.
B
95.
D
14.
A
55.
D
96.
B
15.
D
56.
B
97.
C
16.
A
57.
D
98.
B
17.
A
58.
C
99.
C
18.
C
59.
A
100.
B
19.
A
60.
A
101.
C
20.
A
61.
D
102.
C
21.
C
62.
C
103.
D
22.
C
63.
C
104.
A
23.
A
64.
D
105.
A
24.
A
65.
C
106.
D
25.
B
66.
C
107.
B
26.
C
67.
C
108.
D
27.
D
68.
B
109.
A
28.
B
69.
B
110.
D
29.
D
70.
A
111.
A
30.
A
71.
A
31.
D
72.
A
32.
B
73.
C
33.
B
74.
C
34.
B
75.
D
35.
C
76.
A
36.
B
77.
C
37.
A
78.
B
38.
A
79.
A
39.
C
80.
C
40.
C
81.
D
41.
C
82.
D