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Present Progressive The Present Progressive is the equivalent to the English "Be doing" something. The Present Progressive has two components: A conjugation of Estar and a present participle. This may help you to remember this is a two-part verb tense: The first part, Present, refers to the present tense conjugation of the verb Estar, Yo Tú Él, ella, usted Nosotros Ellos, ellas, ustedes estoy estás está estamos están The second part, Progressive, refers to the Participle ("-ing" form of a verb; for example "running", "talking", "playing", etc). Let's look at how to form the participle in Spanish: We form the participle in Spanish by dropping the -ar, -er, or -ir from the infinitive of a verb and adding one of two endings, -ando or -iendo. to all -Ar verbs, add -ando 1) Hablar [to talk] 2) Habl-ar = habl3) Habl+ando = hablando [talking] to -Er and -Ir verbs, add -iendo 1) Comer [to eat] 2) Com-er = com3) Com+iendo = comiendo [eating] 1) Escribir [to write] 2) Escrib-ir = escrib3) Escrib+iendo = escribiendo (writing) We combine these participles with a form of Estar to form the Present Progressive to describe what people are smack in the middle of doing: Estoy hablando. I am talking. (Right now) Él está comiendo. He is (in the middle of) eating. Estamos escribiendo. We are (currently) writing. Están estudiando. They are (at this moment) studying. Only "-ir" Stem-changing verbs continue to stem-change in the participle with a small difference. They go to a single letter stem-change: • • O-->UE stem-changers change from O--> U; Both E-->IE as well as E-->I stem-changers change from E---> i. This is a stem-change which will occur in the rest of the tenses (other than the Present Tense.) This is why stem-changing -ir verbs have two sets of vowels in parenthesis listed: Dormir (ue, u)- The first UE indicates the stem-change in the present tense, and the second vowel, U, indicates the stem-change in any other tenses where a stem-change occurs. Decir [to Say or Tell] diciendo Dormir [to Sleep] durmiendo Pedir [to Request or Ask For] pidiendo As might be expected, there are a few irregular Present Participles. Adding the double vowel "-iendo" to -er and -ir stems (which already end in a vowel) leaves the weak unaccented "i" in the middle. It isn't able to stand up between two strong vowels. The "i" will need to be replaced with a "Y" in the participle: Leer [to Read] leiendo leyendo (see?) Oír [to Hear] oiendo oyendo (easy!)