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Question: Equal volumes of the four samples (iron fragments, basaltic sand, copper pennies, and water) were placed outside and heated by energy from the Sun’s rays for 30 minutes. The surface temperature of which sample increased at the slowest rate? Key words: iron, basalt, copper, water, heated, temperature, rate Generalized Landscape Regions of New York State . ST INTERIOR LOWLANDS S ND LA ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS TUG HILL PLATEAU ND S ERIE–ONTARIO LOWLANDS (PLAINS) K LO LAKE ERIE M O H AW ALLEGHENY PLATEAU Key words: landscape regions, surface bedrock, geologic age HI A DS HU NDS GHLA ON HI HUDS ONG N PR ATTA MANH KEY AP PA LA C Major Geographic Province Boundary N LO EW W AR LA K ND S Landscape Region Boundary State Boundary International Boundary LA AT A CO IC NT IN L PLA STA N Generalized Bedrock Geology of New York State ara River ag modified from GEOLOGICAL SURVEY NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 1989 Ni Picking the right table: Landscape regions can be found on the Generalized Landscape Regions of New York State map (p. NY20). Bedrock and geologic age information can be found on the Generalized Bedrock Geology of New York State map (p. NY21). There is no table that has both the landscape regions and the bedrock ages, so you must use the two maps together. Both maps have the same scale, so they are easy to compare. N U EA AT PL ON – THE CATSKILLS ) DS AN PL (U EN (H GL IG A H ND LA P N R D O S) V IN C E LAKE ONTARIO N EW Question: Which two New York State landscape regions are formed mostly of surface bedrock that is approximately the same geologic age? W LO DS AN E NC RE W LA CHAMPLAIN LOWL GRENVILLE PROVINCE (HIGHLANDS) W LA TACON IC MO UNTAI NS Picking the right table: This question is about how a substance’s temperature changes as energy is added. The Physical Constants: Specific Heat of Common Materials table (p. NY19) gives the specific heat of all the substances listed in the question. The specific heat describes how much the temperature of a material will change when a certain amount of energy is added to it. The higher the specific heat, the more energy is needed to change the temperature. Use this table to compare the specific heats of the four materials in order to answer the question. N GEOLOGICAL PERIODS AND ERAS IN NEW YORK Question: According to the geologic record, during which geologic time period did the lithospheric plates that made up Pangea begin to break up? CRETACEOUS, TERTIARY, PLEISTOCENE (Epoch) weakly consolidated to unconsolidated gravels, sands, and clays LATE TRIASSIC and EARLY JURASSIC conglomerates, red sandstones, red shales, and diabase (in Palisades Sill) PENNSYLVANIAN and MISSISSIPPIAN conglomerates, sandstones, and shales DEVONIAN limestones, shales, sandstones, and conglomerates Silurian also contains salt, gypsum, and hematite. SILURIAN ORDOVICIAN limestones, shales, sandstones, and dolostones CAMBRIAN } } CAMBRIAN and EARLY ORDOVICIAN sandstones and dolostones Moderately to intensely metamorphosed east of the Hudson River. CAMBRIAN and ORDOVICIAN (undifferentiated) quartzites, dolostones, marbles, and schists Intensely metamorphosed; includes portions of the Taconic Sequence and Cortlandt Complex. TACONIC SEQUENCE sandstones, shales, and slates Slightly to intensely metamorphosed rocks of CAMBRIAN through MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN ages. MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC gneisses, quartzites, and marbles Lines are generalized structure trends. Intensely Metamorphosed Rocks (regional metamorphism about 1,000 m.y.a.) MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC anorthositic rocks } } } Dominantly Sedimentary Origin NG LO O U ND AND S ISL Dominantly Metamorphosed Rocks Key words: geologic record, geologic time period, plates, Pangea Picking the right table: The question refers to tectonic plate movement in the past. The Tectonic Plates map (p. NY23) shows the current movement of the tectonic plates, but it does not show their history. The Geologic History of New York State table (pp. NY26–NY27), however, has a column that shows land mass movement from 458 million years ago to 59 million years ago, as well as a column for important geologic events in New York. If you look carefully at the “Important Geologic Events in New York” column, you will find the breakup of Pangea listed as an important geologic event. Using the Earth Science Reference Tables NY15