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English-­‐Spanish Helpful Handouts ʹ For English Speakers Who Want To Learn Spanish Page 1 of 5 Spanish Reflexive Verbs and Daily Routines
Reflexive constructions consist of a reflexive pronoun and a verb. An example is: Me despierto.
(I wake up). In English, reflexive pronouns end in -­self or -­selves;; for example, myself,
yourself, ourselves, etc. In Spanish, the reflexive pronouns are: me, te, se, nos, os, se. A
Spanish reflexive verb in the infinitive has se attached to the end of it, such as, despertarse.
Me despierto a las ocho.
(I wake up at 8:00.)
To conjugate a reflexive verb, use the reflexive pronoun that corresponds with both the subject
and the verb form. It goes in front of the verb: (Yo) me despierto a las ocho.
Me despierto a las ocho.
Te despiertas a las ocho.
Se despierta a las ocho.
Nos despertamos a las ocho.
Os despertáis a las ocho.
Se despiertan a las ocho.
I wake up at 8:00.
You (familiar) wake up at 8:00.
You (formal) wake up at 8:00.
He/She wakes up at 8:00.
We wake up at 8:00.
You (familiar, plural) wake up at 8:00.
You (formal, plural) wake up at 8:00.
They wake up at 8:00.
In a sentence with a reflexive construction, the subject not only performs the action, but also
receives the action. Look at this example of the use of the reflexive verb cortarse.
Ayer, me corté.
(Yesterday, I cut myself.)
The subject did the cutting, that is, the subject performed the action. Also, the subject got cut,
that is, the subject received the action.
One way that reflexive verbs are used is with daily personal routines. You will find a list of
reflexives verbs on page 2.
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acostarse (ue)
afeitarse
bañarse
cepillarse los dientes
levantarse
maquillarse
peinarse
pintarse
to get up
to put on makeup
WRFRPERQH·VKDLU
to put on makeup
cuidarse
to go to bed
to shave
to take a bath
tREUXVKRQH·V
teeth
to care of oneself
ponerse la ropa
despertarse (ie)
to wake up
quitarse la ropa
dormirse (ue)
ducharse
lavarse
to fall asleep
to take a shower
to wash oneself
secarse
vestirse
WRSXWRQRQH·V
clothes
tRWDNHRIIRQH·V
clothes
to dry off
to get dressed
Sentences that use reflexive verbs are constructed differently in Spanish as compared to English.
Él se lava.
(He washes himself.)
Él se lava la cara.
(He washes his face.)
Look at this sentence: Él se lava.
In this sentence, the reflexive pronoun se acts as a direct object. To determine the direct
object, find out whom or what is the subject acting upon. In this case, ask this question:
´:KRPLVKHZDVKLQJ"µ The answer is: ´KimVHOIµ.
Now look at this sentence: Él se lava la cara.
In this sentence, the reflexive pronoun se acts as an indirect object. It may be easier to find the
direct object of this sentence first. Ask the question: ´:KDWLVKHZDVKLQJ"µ The answer is:
´the IDFHµ. Now, you need to find the indirect object. To determine an indirect object, find out
to whom or for whom a subject is acting. In this case, ask the question: ´)RUZKRPLVKH
ZDVKLQJWKHIDFH"µ The answer is: ´IRUKimVHOIµ
Note that in this case, the definite article is used before the direct object ´WKHµ. In Spanish, the
definite article is used when the direct object is a body part or an article of clothing. In English,
we use the possessive pronoun my, your, his, her, etc.: He washes his face.
Reflexive versus Nonflexive Verbs
When an action is performed on another person, a reflexive pronoun is not used.
Despierto a mi hermano a las ocho.
(I wake my brother up at 8:00.)
Ella cortó la manzana por la mitad.
(She cut the apple in half.)
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Raúl
Raúl
se despierta
a las seis.
Primero,
se baña.
Entonces,
se seca.
Luego,
se peina.
(Raúl wakes
up at 6:00.)
(First, he
takes a bath.)
(Then, he
dries himself
off.)
(Next, he
combs his
hair.)
Más tarde,
se cepilla
los dientes.
(Later, he
brushes his
teeth.)
Finalmente,
se viste.
(Finally, he
gets dressed.)
Write your morning routine here.
Me despierto
a las ______.
Primero,
Entonces,
Luego,
Más tarde,
Finalmente,
Saturdays
Fill in the blank using the correct form of the verb in parenthesis. Include your own
Saturday morning routine.
1. (levantarse) Los sábados, Carlos y Juan _______________ a las ocho. Tomás _______________ a
las diez. Yo _______________ a las _______________.
2. (cepillarse) (ducharse) Olivia siempre ________________ los dientes antes de _______________.
3. (ducharse) (cepillarse) Carlos y Juan siempre ________________ antes de ________________ los
dientes. Yo _______________ antes de ___________________.
4. (vestirse) Olivia y Tomás _______________ de jeans. Carlos _______________ elegantemente.
Yo _________________________________________________________________________________________.
5. (afeitarse) Carlos y Tomás no _______________ los sábados.
Yo _________________________________________________________________________________________.
6. (maquillarse) Olivia _______________ . Isabel no ________________ los sábados.
Yo _________________________________________________________________________________________.
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Example:
Yo/despertar /a las siete y media (I wake up at 7:30.)
Yo me despierto a las siete y media.
1. Sofía /cuidar/ bien (Sofia takes good care of herself.)
________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Arturo/vestir/antes de desayunar (Arthur gets dressed before he eats breakfast.)
________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Nosotros/lavar/ las manos antes de comer. (We wash our hands before eating.)
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Yo/quitar/la gorra. (I take off my hat.)
_________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Juan/acostar/a las nueve y media todas las noches. (John goes to bed at 9:30 every night.)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Juan/dormir/a las diez todos los noches. (John falls asleep at 10:00 every night.)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Yo/poner/ la chaqueta y salgo para la escuela. (I put on my jacket before I leave for school.)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Answer these questions.
1. ¿A qué hora te despiertas diariamente? ____________________________________________________
2. ¿Prefieres ducharte o bañarte? ____________________________________________________________
3. ¿A qué hora te acuestas todos los días? ___________________________________________________
4. ¿Cuántas veces al día te peinas? _________________________________________________________
¿Cuántas veces al día te peinas?
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1. Julia _______________(bañar/bañarse) al perro. (Julia bathes the dog.)
2. Elsa ________________(acostar/acostarse) el niño a las ocho. (Elsa puts the boy to bed at 8:00.)
3. Yo _______________ (lavar/lavarse) los platos. (I wash the plates.)
4. Yo _______________ (lavar/lavarse) las manos. (I wash my hands.)
5. El muchacho _______________(afeitar/afeitarse) con cuidado para no _______________
(cortar/cortase). 7KHER\VKDYHVFDUHIXOO\VRKHZRQ·WFXWKLPVHOI
6. Vosotros _______________ (vestir/vestirse) muy elegantemente. (All of you dress very
elegantly.)
7. Ellas _______________(levantar/levantarse) temprano para ir al trabajo. (They get up early to
go to work.)
8. Matilde _______________ (vestir/vestirse) a su hermanita. (Matilde dresses her little sister.)
9. Laura _______________ (cepillar/cepillarse) el pelo. (Laura brushes her hair.)
Create a sentence to describe what is happening in each photo.
1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Free handout -­‐ http://sites.google.com/site/englishspanishhelpfulhandouts Photos: www.flickr.com (Creative Commons License): [email protected], AMagill, danielcraig, NeitherFanboy, animm, Kathy Cassidy, rileyroxx, sean dreilinger