Download PP European Exploration

Motives for Exploration
• Fresh Resources & Land suitable for the
cultivation of cash crops
• The Lure of Trade in order to establish trade
routes to the markets of Asia
• Missionary Efforts in order to expand the
boundaries of Christianity
Mediterranean Trade & European
Expansion
• From the 12th through the 15th centuries,
spices, silk, carpets, ivory, and gold traveled
overland from Persia, Asia Minor, Indian, and
Africa eventually came to Europe through
Mediterranean trade routes
• Scientific and technological advances also
helped set the stage for exploration
• Portuguese Exploration
Vasco de Gama commanded the
first Portuguese fleet to sail to
India
•
• Portugal quickly capitalized on
the commercial potential of da
Gama’s new sea route. By the
early 16th century, the Portuguese
controlled a far-flung commercial
empire in India, Indonesia, and
China (referred to as the East
Indies)
Vasco de Gama (c.1460s – 1524)
• Experts of the period believed that sailing
west across the Atlantic to Asia was literally
impossible
• Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)
• Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain –
financed Columbus’ journey
• Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) - The treaty drew
an imaginary line 1,100 miles west of the
Canary Islands. Land discovered west of the
line belonged to Spain; Portugal claimed land
to the east
• Before Columbus died in 1506,
he returned to the New World
two more times (in 1498 and
1502)
• Columbus’ discoveries forced
16th century Europeans to think
about the world in new ways
• Columbus’ voyages
demonstrated that lands and
peoples entirely unknown to
Europeans lay across the
Atlantic
Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)
• Sponsored
by Spain, Magellan’s
voyage took him first to the New World,
around the southern tip of South
America, and into the Pacific
•Magellan’s voyage made clear that it
was possible to sail west to reach the
East Indies
Ferdinand Magellan (c.1480-1521)
Spanish Exploration & Conquest
• During the 16th century, the New World
helped Spain become the most powerful
monarchy in both Europe and the Americas
• The Conquest of Mexico
• Hernan Cortes – credited for conquering
Mexico & its people the Aztecs
• The Search for other Mexico’s
• New Spain in the 16th Century
Hernan Cortes (1485-1547)
Francisco Pizarro (1471-1541)
This is a 18th century painting from Mexico of a mestizo family. The
Spaniard rests his hand on the shoulder of his Indian wife and their
mestizo son reaches into his mother’s basket
Race charts like the
one shown, were found
throughout New Spain
(Mexico) and New
Castile (Peru)
Indians Confront the French
• Montagnais Indians confront the French
• Early French explores of present day Quebec
and Montreal – Jacques Cartier & Samuel de
Champlain
• “Our young men will marry your daughters,
and we shall be one people”
• Learning Native languages and ways of living
allowed the French to gain access to fur
territories
• The Natives pursued alliances with the French
as a means of securing European trade goods
• The Catholic religion in New France
• Kateri Tekakwitha – a Mohawk woman who
was a devout Catholic
• Confronted with the threat of English settlers
intruding on their lands, many Indians saw the
French as their best hope for protection and
military support