Download Multiple Choice

Name______________________________
Class __________________
Chapter 6 Humans in the Biosphere
Date ______________
Chapter Test A
Multiple Choice
Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on
the line provided.
____ 1. The arrival of Europeans in the Hawaiian Islands changed the
islands by introducing
a. new crops.
c. pigs and rats.
b. new ways of farming. d. all of the above
____ 2. Early hunters and gatherers in North America are responsible
for
a. natural plant and animal populations.
b. a major extinction event of large animals.
c. producing new varieties of crops.
d. inventing technology such as manufactured tools.
____ 3. A resource, such as air or parts of the oceans, that is open to
anyone is often preserved and protected by
a. national organizations.
b. everyone.
c. the country near which it is located.
d. no one.
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____ 4. Which is a way to limit deforestation?
a. use more wood products
b. plant and harvest trees on tree farms
c. increase carbon dioxide levels
d. fertilize the soil
____ 5. The sulfur and nitrogen compounds in smog combine with
water to form
a. ozone.
c. acid rain.
b. ammonia.
d. chlorofluorocarbons.
____ 6. An example of a sustainable-use practice is the use of
beneficial insects like ladybugs to
a. harm natural resources.
b. pollinate plants.
c. control unwanted pests.
d. eat unwanted plants.
____ 7. The number of different species in the biosphere is called
a. biodiversity.
c. genetic diversity.
b. ecosystem diversity. d. species diversity.
Chapter 6 Test A 67
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
____ 8. Biodiversity is valuable in the biosphere because it
a. gives us interesting things to look at.
b. tells us about many other species.
c. is the biological life-support system of our planet.
d. provides humans with resistance to disease.
____ 9. One property that makes DDT hazardous over time is that
DDT is
a. an insecticide.
c. nonbiodegradable.
b. a perfect pesticide.
d. deadly to herbivores.
____10. All of the following are threats to biodiversity EXCEPT
a. biological magnification of toxic compounds.
b. habitat fragmentation.
c. invasive species.
d. species preservation.
____11. As DDT moves up the trophic levels in food chains, its
concentration
a. stays the same.
c. increases.
b. decreases.
d. is eliminated.
____12. The goals of conservation biology include all of the following
EXCEPT
a. wise management of natural resources.
b. protection and management of individual species.
c. preservation of habitats and wildlife.
d. introducing foreign species into new environments.
____13. Protecting ecosystem diversity is a goal of
a. the green revolution.
b. conservation biology.
c. the captive breeding program.
d. the United Nations.
____15. The major cause of ozone depletion is
a. nitric acid.
c. chlorofluorocarbons.
b. sulfuric acid.
d. ultraviolet light.
68
Chapter 6 Test A
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____14. Some scientists think that global warming is
a. a natural variation in climate.
b. a result of human activity.
c. melting the polar ice caps.
d. all of the above
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
Completion
Complete each statement on the line provided.
16. To prevent certain fish populations from collapsing, certain ___________________ have
been temporarily closed.
17. A location that has 170 species of birds has greater ___________________ than a location
that has 100 species of birds.
18. Excessive levels of DDT in top-level consumers are a result of ___________________ .
19. Zoos have established ___________________ programs in which young animals are
raised in protected surroundings until the population is stable and are later returned to
the wild.
20. Intense UV radiation due to ozone depletion can damage plant leaves and
___________________ in the oceans.
Short Answer
In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines
provided.
21. How do modern subsistence hunters differ from ancient huntergatherers?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
22. What is the “tragedy of the commons”?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
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23. What are the the goals of sustainable development, and upon what
principles are sustainable practices based?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
24. What is a biodiversity “hot spot”? Where is such a hot spot in the
United States?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 6 Test A 69
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
25. Describe three services that are provided by a healthy biosphere.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Using Science Skills
Use the graph below to answer the following questions on the lines provided.
(million metric tons)
Worldwide Use of Chemical Fertilizers
(per year)
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995
Figure 6-1
26. Using Charts and Graphs The Green Revolution has doubled
food production over the last 50 years. Starting in 1965, in what
year did the amount of chemical fertilizers used worldwide
double, according to Figure 6-1?
_________________________________________________________________________________
27. Analyzing Data Describe the data in Figure 6-1. Does it indicate
that the Green Revolution was meeting its goal? Explain.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
28. Applying Concepts How might the trend in Figure 6-1 up to 1990
relate to the practice of monoculture?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
70
Chapter 6 Test A
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_________________________________________________________________________________
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
29. Formulating Hypotheses Formulate a hypothesis that, if supported
by testing, would explain the trend shown in Figure 6-1 after 1990.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
30. Making Judgments Examine the trend in chemical fertilizer use
from 1965 to 1990 shown in Figure 6-1. Is this a sustainable use of
resources? Explain.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Essay
Write the answer to each question in the space provided.
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31. How is Earth like an island?
32. What causes acid rain? What is the effect of acid rain on natural
habitats?
Chapter 6 Test A 71
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
33. Discuss biodiversity as a source of medicines.
34. What are introduced species? How are they a threat to
biodiversity?
35. Discuss one of the challenges to conservation efforts in developing
countries.
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72
Chapter 6 Test A
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 6 Humans in the Biosphere
Section Review 6-1
Reviewing Key Concepts
Short Answer On the lines provided, describe some of the environmental costs
and benefits associated with each of the four human activities that have changed
the biosphere.
Human Activity
Benefits and Costs
Hunting and gathering
1.
Agriculture
2.
Industry
3.
Urban development
4.
Reviewing Key Skills
5. Comparing and Contrasting How does modern subsistence hunting
differ from the poaching of animals for tusks, horns, or hides?
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6. Applying Concepts How did the domestication of animals help to
provide humans with a dependable food supply?
7. Comparing and Contrasting What are some differences between
traditional and modern agriculture?
8. Comparing and Contrasting How would the number of plant
species found in a monocultured area differ from the number found
to grow in a wilderness area?
9. Applying Concepts What is meant by the phrase “the green
revolution”? How has it affected food production?
10. Applying Concepts What effect might a shortage of fossil fuels or
mineral resources have on industry?
Teaching Resources /Chapter 6
67
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 6 Humans in the Biosphere
Section Review 6-2
Reviewing Key Concepts
Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.
1. What is the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources?
2. How do human activities lead to desertification?
3. What effect does deforestation have on forest resources?
4. What is the atmospheric result of the burning of fossil fuels?
5. What human actions have affected our water and ocean resources?
Reviewing Key Skills
Classifying On the lines provided, classify each as either a renewable
resource or a nonrenewable resource.
7.
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6.
8.
9. Applying Concepts What is the “tragedy of the commons”?
10. Applying Concepts Give one example each of sustainable practices
for land, air, and water resources.
68
Teaching Resources /Chapter 6
Name
Class
Chapter 6 Humans in the Biosphere
Date
Section Review 6-3
Reviewing Key Concepts
Short Answer On the lines provided, list four human activities that are
current threats to biodiversity.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. Why is biodiversity one of Earth’s greatest natural resources?
6. Why do conservation efforts currently focus on protecting entire ecosystems as well as
single species?
Reviewing Key Skills
Interpreting Graphics Use the following diagram to answer questions 7 through 9.
Magnification of
DDT concentration
Fish-eating birds
10,000,000
Large
fish
1,000,000
100,000
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Small fish
10,000
Zooplankton
Producers
1000
Water
7. Identify the process shown in this diagram.
8. What do the small dots represent?
9. What are the effects of the process shown?
10. Applying Concepts Explain the term biological “hot spot.”
Teaching Resources /Chapter 6
69
Name
Class
Chapter 6 Humans in the Biosphere
Date
Section Review 6-4
Reviewing Key Concepts
Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.
1. What important factor does the ozone layer serve in Earth’s atmosphere?
2. Why are scientists concerned about the depletion, or thinning, of the ozone layer?
3. What is global warming?
4. Why are scientists concerned about the effect of global warming on the atmosphere?
Reviewing Key Skills
5. Applying Concepts Why is it important to phase out the use of
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)?
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6. Applying Concepts Describe three possible effects of global
warming.
Applying Concepts List three services that ecosystems provide.
7.
8.
9.
10. Problem Solving Identify one change humans can make to help
solve ecological problems.
70
Teaching Resources /Chapter 6
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 6 Humans in the Biosphere
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Crossword Puzzle Use the clues below and on the following page to complete
the puzzle.
1
2
3
6
4
5
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
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15
Across
2. wearing away of surface soil by wind and water:
erosion
7. layer of atmosphere that absorbs ultraviolet light
8. resource that can regenerate and is therefore replaceable
9. mixture of chemicals that occurs as a haze in the atmosphere
10. way of using resources at a rate that does not deplete them:
use
11. disappearance of a species from all or part of its geographical range
12. type of diversity that includes all forms of genetic information
carried by all organisms
13. precipitation that contains drops of nitric and sulfuric acid: acid
14. type of subsistence foraging
15. method of farming in which large fields are cleared and planted with
a single crop year after year
Teaching Resources /Chapter 6
71
Name
Class
Date
Down
1. practice that uses new intensive farming practices to increase food
production:
revolution
2. mixture of either smoke and fog or chemicals and sunlight
3. fish farming
4. harmful material that can enter the biosphere through the air, land, or water
5. loss of forests
6. the practice of farming
11. variety of different habitats, communities, and ecological processes:
diversity
12. type of warming that shows the trend in increasing temperature of Earth
72
Teaching Resources /Chapter 6
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Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter of the answer that best
completes the sentence or answers the question.
16. A resource that cannot be replenished by natural
processes is called
a. nonrenewable.
c. renewable.
b. a stockpile.
d. scarce.
17. The sum total of the variety of organisms in the
biosphere is called
a. diversity.
c. genetic diversity.
b. biodiversity.
d. species diversity.
18. Development can split a habitat into smaller parts, in
an effect known as
a. biological magnification.
c. ecosystem diversity.
b. habitat conservation.
d. habitat fragmentation.
19. Populations that are introduced into a new habitat
and reproduce rapidly are known as
a. diverse species.
c. parasites.
b. invasive species.
d. predators.
20. The increasing concentration of a harmful substance
in organisms at higher trophic levels in a food chain
or food web is called
a. biological magnification.
c. biodiversity.
b. desertification.
d. genetic diversity.
21. What term is used to describe a species whose
population is rapidly shrinking and might disappear
completely?
a. endangered
c. extinct
b. threatened
d. invasive
22. In ecology, what term is used to describe the wise
management of natural resources?
a. renewable
c. conservation
b. equilibrium
d. diverse