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Chapter 6:
Humans In The
Biosphere
Chapter 6 Section 1:
A Changing Landscape
 Human activities greatly affect the
____________.
 Examples include:
 ________________ is the practice of
farming and originated about 11,000 years
ago.
 People were growing different crops for food
and raising animals like sheep, goats, & pigs.
 People no longer had to travel in search for
food
 Stable _________________ and towns
developed.
 Farming continued to develop and farmers
began to create _________and machinery to
use on the land. Example:
 New varieties of crops were developed
and grown by a process called
______________________
 large fields are planted with a single variety
every year.
 The introduction of chemical fertilizers &
pesticides also helped production of
these crops.
The Green Revolution
 A time when modern
agriculture techniques were
being introduced and the
world’s food supply was
greatly increased.
The Green Revolution
Negative issues with the green
revolution:
Increased _____________ and
chemical use
Not enough water for irrigation
Section 2: Resources
Environmental goods and services can be
classified in 2 groups:
_____________________: Can regenerate
if they are alive or can be replenished by
natural cycles. Examples:
_____________________: Cannot be
replenished or renewed. Examples:
Sustainable Development:
A way of using ______________
_______________ without
depleting them or causing longterm environmental damage.
Land Resources:
 Include land for human
communities, soil for growing food,
and raw materials for industry.
 Types of “destruction” include:
 soil erosion
 desertification.
Forest Resources:
 “Lungs of the ______________”.
 Forests remove __________
__________ and produce
_____________.
 Types of “destruction”: Deforestation
Fishery Resources
 Humans have greatly
decreased fish populations
by______________ and
polluting the water.
Methods have been developed to
create a stable fish population:
Regulations for commercial fishing
Nurseries
Aquacultures the process of
raising aquatic animals for human
consumption.
Air Resources
Clean air resources are
constantly polluted by human
activities. Those activities
include:_____________,_____
___________,
_____________ of fossil fuels
Smog = a mixture of chemicals that
occurs as a gray-brown haze in the
atmosphere. Commonly found in large
_____________.
A ____________________ is a
harmful material that can enter the
biosphere through the land, air or
water.
Chapter 6 Section 3
Biodiversity
 Biodiversity
= the sum total of
_______________ in the biosphere
based on variety.
 Ecosystem
diversity = includes
the variety of ________________,
communities, and ecological
processes.

Species diversity = the # of different
___________ in the biosphere.

Biodiversity is one of Earth’s greatest
________________ resources.

Different species provided us with food,
industrial products, &
_______________.
Threats to biodiversity include:

Habitat ________________.
 Hunting
 Introduction toxic _____________
into the environment. (pollution)
 Foreign species

Extinction: occurs when a species
__________________ form all or
part of its range.

Endangered species are species
whose population size is
_____________ in a way that places
it in danger of ________________.

Habitat fragmentation: occurs when a
development splits an ______________
into pieces.
 Examples:

Humans have pushed some animal
species to extinction by hunting them for
food or other products.
 Examples:
Today, animal species that are
endangered are protected by
________ and live in reserves to
keep them from
_________________.
CITES
The Convention on International Trade
in Endangered Species
This organization bans the
international trade of
_____________ that are made from
____________________ species.
Biological Magnification
Occurs when concentrations of harmful
substances_________________ in
organisms at ____________ trophic
levels in a food chain or food web.

Example:
Chapter 6 Section 4 Planning for
the Future
Researchers are gathering information to
_____________ and evaluate the effects of
human activities on the important systems
in the biosphere.
Two of the systems include: The Ozone
Layer & The ___________ __________
System.
The ozone layer is an area of earth’s
atmosphere that contains a very large
amount of ___________ gas.
The ozone layer absorbs the harmful
_______ rays from the sun. “Global
Sunscreen”
Evidence has be found that the earth’s
ozone layer is being destroyed by:
CFCs
Pollution
Other chemicals in the air
Global Warming is the increase in the
average ______________ of the earth.
One sign of global warming is the
________________ of polar ice caps.
Possible effects of global warming
include:
A rise in __________ levels causing
flooding.
Species ___________________.
If farmers wish to decrease the mouse
population in a farm, what would be the
best way to do this?
A. Introduce another variety of mice to
compete for resources.
B. Introduce more animals that prey on mice.
C. Decrease the number of producers on the
farm.
D. Introduce more parasites onto the farm.
Which of the following practices is MOST
likely to slow the buildup of CO2 in the
atmosphere?
A increased use of tropical rain forest
areas for agriculture
B increased use of genetically engineered
plants
C decreased pesticide use in favor of
biological controls
D decreased use of fossil fuels
The state of California has several large
cities and very productive croplands that
divert and use large amounts of water from
rivers.
What is one damaging effect of this use of the
rivers’ water?
A increased amounts of solid waste pollution
in oceans
B decreased amounts of fresh water in
marshes and estuaries
C changes in local rainfall amounts
D changes in upstream water tables
The practice of farming.
A harmful material that can enter the
biosphere through land, air, or water.
Resources that cannot be replenished by
natural processes.
A practice in which large fields are planted
with a single variety of crop.
The loss of forests.
The wise management of natural
resources.
An exponential growth curve is J-shaped
showing slow and then rapid growth.
Population density is the number of
individuals per unit area.
Density-independent limiting factors affect
all populations regardless of their size.
List 2 examples of Density-dependent
factors: