Download Battle of Bull Run

Causes of the Civil War
States Rights The states wanted to choose whether or not they were free
states or slave states, and not the government telling them.
Sectionalism Representatives were making decisions based on only what their
region needs (South, North, East ,West) rather than the whole country.
Tariff The tariff used tax on imports from Europe which helped the north because
most of the nations factories were located there. However, it
didn’t help the south because south had mostly agriculture.
A newspaper about states rights
A newspaper about an increase in tariffs.
Resources of the North and South
Southern Advantage
Robert E. Lee
• Perhaps the biggest southern
advantage was Gen. Robert E. Lee
• Combat engineer and commander
in Federal army; West Point grad
• Asked by Lincoln to lead the Union
Army, Lee refused to “turn his back
on his home, Virginia”
• He opposed slavery & secession,
but couldn’t leave his
birthplace…Virginia
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia
• Two days after surrender of Ft. Sumter Lincoln
asked the Union states to provide 75,000 men
• Militia men are asked to sign on for 90 days.
• Both sides expected a short war
Filling the Ranks
• At the beginning of the war in 1861,
the Northern Army is more than twice
as large as the Southern Army
• Men had to pledge that they were over
the age of 18 to fight, but boys as
young as 9 acted as drummer boys
Filling the Ranks
• The South enacted
legislation to prevent large
landowners from leaving
their plantations (and
slaves) to fight.
• This left most of the ranks
filled with poor farmers.
Southern Strategies
• The South took their cue from the success
of the American Revolution and chose to
fight a defensive war, wearing the North
down until they gave up.
• South was fighting on familiar ground
• Emotion. Southerners were defending
their home and way of life. Surrender
meant the death of the south.
Northern Strategies
• The North had a 3 pronged
approach called the Anaconda
Plan:
– Block southern ports to all
imports/exports--blockade
– Control the Mississippi River
splitting the confederacy in two
– Take Richmond, the confederate
capital
Anaconda Plan
Map 2: The Upper Potomac, 1861
Choosing Sides
• Border states play a key role in war’s outcome
• Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri—
slave states that bordered states in which
slavery was illegal
• Maryland was important to North. If MD
seceded then D.C. would be cut off from
Union.
• Lincoln orders the arrest of MD lawmakers
who backed the south
1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas
• Most Civil War battles are called by 2
different names
• The North named the battle after the
nearest river
• The South named the battle after the
nearest town
• The first battle of the war was near the
town of Manassas and Bull Run River
1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas
• In order for Union to take Richmond
need to defeat Confederate troops at
town of Manassas
• Confederate General Thomas
“Stonewall” Jackson routed the
Yankee army, causing them to run in fear
• They trampled picnickers who had
gathered to watch the battle.
1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas
• Northern troops, according to legend,
commented that Gen. Jackson sat upon
his horse like a ‘stone wall”
• The nickname stuck
• The southern victory assured
the
South that this would be a quick war
fought against inferior troops
• They were wrong on both accounts
1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas
• The first civilian casualty occurred at
Bull Run.
• Judith Henry, was killed by a cannon
ball as she laid in bed
• South thinks the war is
over.
North realizes it underestimated.
Union Leadership
• Lincoln chose Irwin
McDowell to lead the
Union’s Army of the
Potomac.
• He was replaced 3 days
after his defeat at Bull
Run with Gen. George
McClellan
Union Leadership
• His was nicknamed “the Creeper”
because he was so hesitant to attack,
always fearing he was out-numbered
Union Leadership
• After 5 months of fighting,
McClellan withdrew even though
he out-numbered and out-powered
the confederate army
• One of his men found Lee’s plans
wrapped around some cigars.
• He had the plans for the next battle
at Antietam Creek
Union Leadership
• After 5 months of fighting,
McClellan withdrew even though
he out-numbered and out-powered
the confederate army
• One of his men found Lee’s plans
wrapped around some cigars.
• He had the plans for the next battle
at Antietam Creek
North and South clip
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