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External carotid artery
DR.AYAT ELDOMOUKY
ECA: begin, course.
END
FACIAL NERVE
Relation
anterolateral
sternomastoid
hypoglossal n.
facial n.within
parotid
medially
pharynx,
stylopharyngeal m.
glossopharyngeal n.
and pharyngeal
branch of vagus n.
Branches of
ECA
Maxillary artery
Begin, course, end.
 Begin: The maxillary artery is the largest branch of the
external carotid artery
 Course: The maxillary artery originates within the substance
of the parotid gland and then passes forward, behind the neck
of mandible
 It passes through the infratemporal fossa and then between
the upper and lower heads of lateral pterygoid to access the
pterygomaxillary fissure to enters the pterygopalatine
fossa.
 End: as infraorbital artery.
Maxillary artery
divided into three parts
by lateral pterygoid
muscle
1- first part deep to the
neck of mandible
2- second part pass
either superficial or
deep to lateral pterygoid
muscle
3- third part enter
perygopalatine fossa
Branches:
Branches
1-the first part of the maxillary artery (MIADA) gives
origin to two major branches (the middle meningeal
and inferior alveolar arteries) and a number of smaller
branches (deep auricular, anterior tympanic, and
accessory meningeal).
2-the second part of the maxillary artery gives origin
to deep temporal, masseteric, buccal, and pterygoid
branches.
3-the third part of the maxillary artery (PIGPPS) the
posterior superior alveolar, infra-orbital, greater
palatine, pharyngeal, sphenopalatine arteries and the
artery of the pterygoid canal
Internal jugular vein
BEGIN
COURSE
END
RELATION
TRIBUTARIES
RELATION
Important notes
External carotid artery
 Begin: from CCA at the upper border of thyroid cartilage
 End: inside the parotid gland by dividing into mx. And
superficial temporal arteries
 Branches:
1. superior thyroid artery
2. facial artery
3. Lingual artery
4. Occipital and posterior auricular arteries
5. Ascending pharyngeal artery
6. Two terminal branches
Maxillary artery
 Begin: from ECA inside parotid gland
 End: in the orbit as infraorbital artery
 Branches:
A. of first part: middle meningeal, inferior alveolar, accessory
meningeal, deep auricular and ant. Tympanic arteries
B. of second part: deep temporal, ptrygoid, buccal and
massteric arteries
C. of third part: posterior superior alveolar, infraorbital,
grater and lesser palatine and sphenopalatine arteries
Important veins
Internal jugular vein
 Begin: as contiuation of sigmoid sinus and leave skull
throught jugular foramen
 End: join subclavian vein to form brachiocephalic vein
 Tributaries:
1. facial vein
2. Lingual vein
3. Pharyngeal vein
4. Thyroid veins